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\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 -\u0639\u0632\u0651 \u0648\u062c\u0644\u0651- \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064f\u0651\u0639\u0627\u0621.[\u0661\u0669] \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064f\u0651\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0632\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0645\u0633\u061b \u0623\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0651\u0627\u062c \u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0638\u064f\u0651\u0647\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631\u060c \u062c\u064e\u0645\u0652\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0642\u064e\u0635\u0652\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0638\u064f\u0651\u0647\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0623\u0630\u0627\u0646\u064d \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u064d \u0648\u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a\u064e\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0641\u064a\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0651\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0627\u062c\u0651 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0651\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 -\u0633\u064f\u0628\u062d\u0627\u0646\u0647- \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064f\u0651\u0639\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0650\u0643\u0652\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064f\u0651\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062d\u064e\u0645\u0652\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0651 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0651\u062f -\u0635\u0644\u0651\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0651\u0645-\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0651\u0627\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0645\u0633.[\u0662\u0660]<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639:<\/p>\n<p>1-\u2191 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u062f\u062d\u062f\u062d\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u062f\u062d\u062f\u062d\u060c \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 1\u060c \u062c\u0632\u0621 94. \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0651\u0641.<\/p>\n<p>2-\u2191 \u0634\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0643\u0634\u064a (1993)\u060c \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0643\u0634\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649)\u060c \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 640\u060c \u062c\u0632\u0621 2. \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0651\u0641.<\/p>\n<p>3-\u2191 \u0634\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0644\u062d (2003)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0639 (\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649)\u060c \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 88\u060c \u062c\u0632\u0621 5. \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0651\u0641.<\/p>\n<p>4-\u2191 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0643\u062a\u064a (1986)\u060c \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 (\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649)\u060c \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 558. \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0651\u0641.<\/p>\n<p>5-\u2191 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u063a\u0648\u064a (1420)\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649)\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 254\u060c \u062c\u0632\u0621 1. \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0651\u0641.<\/p>\n<p>6-\u2191 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 337\u060c \u062c\u0632\u0621 45. \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0651\u0641.<\/p>\n<p>7-\u2191 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0631 (2008)\u060c \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649)\u060c \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 827\u060c \u062c\u0632\u0621 1. \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0651\u0641.<\/p>\n<p>8-\u2191 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0634\u0629 \u0623\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645: 1348\u060c \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d.<\/p>\n<p>9-\u2191 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0648\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645: 12\/42\u060c \u0625\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d.<\/p>\n<p>10-\u2191 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062d\u0628\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062d\u0628\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645: 3853\u060c \u0623\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0647.<\/p>\n<p>11-\u2191 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 11-14. \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0651\u0641.<\/p>\n<p>12-\u2191 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0645\u0630\u064a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0645\u0630\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645: 2975\u060c \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d.<\/p>\n<p>13-\u2191 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 31-32. \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0651\u0641.<\/p>\n<p>14-\u2191 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645: 7\/224\u060c \u0625\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d.<\/p>\n<p>15-\u2191 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062c\u062f\u060c 55 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 14. \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0651\u0641.<\/p>\n<p>16-\u2191 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0642\u062a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0631\u062b \u0628\u0646 \u0631\u0628\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645: 1162\u060c \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d.<\/p>\n<p>17-\u2191 \u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0648\u064a (1356)\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 (\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649)\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 162\u060c \u062c\u0632\u0621 6. \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0651\u0641.<\/p>\n<p>18-\u2191 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0645\u0630\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0646 \u062c\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0648 \u0628\u0646 \u0634\u0639\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645: 3585\u060c \u062d\u0633\u0646.<\/p>\n<p>19-\u2191 \u0645\u062c\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0634\u0631\u062d \u062d\u0635\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636: \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0633\u0641\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 327\u060c \u062c\u0632\u0621<span style=\"text-transform: initial;\">1. \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0651\u0641.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>20-\u2191 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u062a\u0627\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u060c \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 276\u060c \u062c\u0632\u0621 17. \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0651\u0641.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: <a href=\"https:\/\/mawdoo3.com\/%D9%85%D8%A7_%D9%87%D9%88_%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85_%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%A9\">\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0651\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0631\u0651 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u0625\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0628\u0651\u0647\u0645 -\u0639\u0632\u0651 \u0648\u062c\u0644\u0651-\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u0651\u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0647 -\u0633\u064f\u0628\u062d\u0627\u0646\u0647-\u060c 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\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0641\u0648\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u063a\u0636\u0627\u0621.[\u0661]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":13484,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1434],"tags":[984,1107,1479,1478,1452],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/shiastudies.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13483"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/shiastudies.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/shiastudies.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/shiastudies.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/shiastudies.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13483"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/shiastudies.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13483\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13485,"href":"https:\/\/shiastudies.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13483\/revisions\/13485"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/shiastudies.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13484"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/shiastudies.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13483"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/shiastudies.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13483"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/shiastudies.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13483"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}