An Introduction to ‘Ilm al-Kalam An Introduction to ‘Ilm al-Kalam: This long article is a part of Martyr Murtadha Mutahhari’s book Ashna’i ba ‘ulum al-Islami (An Introduction to the Islamic Sciences). The book consists of seven parts: (1) logic (2) philosophy (3) al-kalam (Muslim scholastic philosophy) (4) ‘irfan (Islamic mysticism) (5) usul al-fiqh (the principles … Continue reading An Introduction to ‘Ilm al-Kalam