{"id":15060,"date":"2022-04-17T07:50:49","date_gmt":"2022-04-17T06:50:49","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/shiastudies.com\/en\/?p=15060"},"modified":"2022-04-17T07:50:49","modified_gmt":"2022-04-17T06:50:49","slug":"commentary-surah-al-kawthar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/shiastudies.com\/en\/15060\/commentary-surah-al-kawthar\/","title":{"rendered":"Commentary of Surah Al-Kawthar"},"content":{"rendered":"

SHAFAQNA | by Ayatollah Seyyed Kamal Faqih Imani:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

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In The Name of Allah, The Beneficent, The Merciful<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

1. \u201cSurely (O\u2019 Muhammad) We have given you abundance of good (Kawthar).\u201d<\/strong><\/em>
\n2. \u201cTherefore to your Lord turn in Prayer and Sacrifice.\u201d<\/strong><\/em>
\n3. \u201cSurely your enemy is the one who will be without spring.\u201d<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

In this Surah, similar to Surah Dhuha and Surah Inshirra, the holy Prophet (PBUH) is addressed. One of the objective points in all three Surahs is that of consoling him when he was faced with a magnitude of painful incidents and numerous taunts by the offensive language of his enemies.<\/p>\n

\u201cSurely (O\u2019 Muhammad) We have given you abundance of good (Kawthar).\u201d<\/strong><\/em><\/div>\n

The term \/Kawthar\/ is a descriptive case derived from \/Kathrat\/ with the meaning of \u2018a lot of goodness, or blessing\u2019; while gracious persons are also called \u2018Kawthar\u2019.<\/p>\n

What is the purpose of using the term \u2018Kawthar\u2019, here? A narration says that when the holy Prophet (PBUH) sat on the pulpit and recited this Surah, some of the companions asked him what it was that Allah (SWT) had given him and he answered:<\/p>\n

\u201cIt is a stream in Heaven, whiter than milk, more clear than a goblet (of crystal) with dome-shaped ornaments from pearls and rubies\u2026\u201d[1]<\/em><\/p>\n

Another tradition from Imam Sadiq (AS) says:<\/p>\n

\u201cKawthar is a stream in Heaven that Allah (SWT) granted God\u2019s Apostle for his son (who died in his lifetime)\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n

Some have also said the purpose of using the word \u2018Kawthar\u2019 is for the Pool of Abundance (Haudh-i-Kawthar) that belongs to the Prophet (PBUH) wherefrom the believers quench their thirst when arriving in Paradise.[2]<\/p>\n

Some have commented on it as being \u2018prophecy\u2019 and some others as \u2018the Quran\u2019; still others as \u2018abundance of the Prophet\u2019s (PBUH) companions and followers\u2019, or the \u2018abundance of the descendants\u2019 all of whom came from his daughter, Fatimah Zahra (SA), and they multiplied to such an extent that it is impossible to count them.<\/p>\n

They are not only, now, but, until the advent of the Hereafter, the reminders of the holy Prophet (PBUH). Some have also commented on it as being \u2018intercession\u2019, narrating a tradition from Imam Sadiq (AS) in this connection, as a reference. Even, Fakhr-i-Razi has narrated fifteen different narrations on the meaning of \u2018Kawthar\u2019.<\/p>\n

But, it seems that most of them are the statements of the clear examples of this broad concept, because, as was mentioned before, \u2018Kawthar\u2019 means \u2018goodness and blessing in abundance\u2019, and we know that Allah (SWT), the Graceful, granted the holy Prophet (PBUH) so many blessings so that each of those mentioned in the above is one clear example of them. There are also many other examples that may be cited as example commentaries for the verse.<\/p>\n

However, all the divine gifts granted to the holy Prophet (PBUH) in all aspects, even the victories in his expeditions against his enemies, and the scholars of his followers in the Muslim community, who guard the burning torch of Islam and Qur\u2019an, in every period and age, and carry it throughout the world, all in all are involved in this \u2018abundance of good\u2019.<\/p>\n

It should not be forgotten that Allah (SWT) revealed these verses to God\u2019s Prophet\u2019s (PBUH) holy heart at the time when the manifestations of this \u2018abundance of good\u2019 had not yet appeared. It was a miraculous piece of news which informed about the near future and the remote future regarding the legitimacy of the holy Prophet (PBUH).<\/p>\n

This great blessing and the<\/p>\n

\u2018abundance of good\u2019<\/strong><\/em><\/div>\n

needs a lofty thankfulness, although creatures can never thank the Creator for Divine Blessings, fully, because even the success of being thankful is another blessing from Him which needs thankfulness.<\/p>\n

When it is so;<\/p>\n

\u201cTherefore to your Lord turn in prayer and Sacrifice.\u201d<\/strong><\/em><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n

Yes, God is the One Who grants these blessings, therefore, prayer, worship and sacrifice, which is also a kind of worship, itself, have no meaning save for Allah (SWT), particularly in regard to the meaning of the term Lord which indicates the constancy of grace, providence and Lordship of Providence. Briefly, \u2018worship\u2019, in the form of prayer or making a sacrifice, is only the Lord\u2019s and Benefactor\u2019s privilege, and it is exclusively for the Pure Supreme Being.<\/p>\n

This refers to the behaviour of the pagans who used to prostrate and sacrifice to the idols while they knew their affluence belonged to Allah. and in any case, the phrase \u2018your Lord\u2019, used in the verse, is a clear evidence for the necessity of \u2018intention with divine motive\u2019 in worship.<\/p>\n

Many commentators believe that the purpose, involved here refers to the prayer on the Feast of Sacrifice, and making sacrifice on the same day. But, the meaning of the verse is apparently general and inclusive, even though prayer and sacrifice of the Feast on the day are of its clear examples.<\/p>\n

Perhaps, using the term \/Wanhar\/ based on \/Nahr\/, which is specific to butchering a camel, is for the reason that sacrificing a camel, amongst other offerings, enjoyed a higher importance for the Muslims of that time who liked it very much, and thus, its butchering was not possible without the showing of generosity.<\/p>\n

Here are two more commentaries on the above verse:<\/p>\n

1. The implied meaning of the phrase \/Wanhar\/ is \u2018facing Qiblah (the direction of the Ka\u2019ba) when saying a prayer\u2019, because the word \/Nahr\/ originally means \u2018throat\u2019 then, it has been used with the meaning of \u2018standing in front of anything\u2019.<\/p>\n

2. The purpose involved, here is the \u2018raising of the hands up to the throat and face\u2019.<\/p>\n

A tradition says that when this Surah was revealed, the holy Prophet (PBUH) asked Gabriel:<\/p>\n

\u201cWhat is this \/Nuhayrah\/ that my Lord has commissioned me to do\u201d?<\/em><\/p>\n

Gabriel said:<\/p>\n

\u201cThis is not \/Nuhayrah\/. Allah (SWT) has, however, commanded you to raise your hands at the beginning of prayer when you say \/Allahu Akbar\/ and when you are going to perform bowing or prostration and after that, because our prayer and that of the angels, in the seven heavens, are like this. Everything has an adornment and the adornment of prayer is raising the hands at the time of saying \/Allahu Akhar\/\u201d. [3]<\/em><\/p>\n

There is another tradition from Imam Sadiq (AS) who, on the commentary of this verse, indicating with his holy hands, said:<\/p>\n

\u201cThe purpose is that you raise your hands so that your palms be towards Qiblah (the direction of the Ka\u2019ba)\u201d. [4]<\/em><\/p>\n

There is no problem in combining all these meanings, in particular, there are many Islamic narrations about raising the hands at the time of saying \/Allahu Akbar\/. Thus, the verse has such a vast meaning that it covers all of them. However, the first commentary is the most appropriate.<\/p>\n

In the last verse of this short Surah, regarding the taunts made by the chiefs of the pagans to that holy being, it says:<\/p>\n

\u201cSurely your enemy is the one who will be without offspring.\u201d<\/strong><\/em><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n

The term \/Sani\u2019\/ is derived from \/Sana\u2019an\/ with the meaning of \u2018enmity, spitefulness, and peevishness\u2019; and \/Sani\u2019\/ is the one who possesses these characteristics.<\/p>\n

It is worthy to note that \/Abtar\/ originally means \u2018the animal whose tail is cut off\u2019 and the enemies of Islam taunted the holy Prophet (PBUH) by saying this with the hope that after his departure from this world and having no son to inherit his position, the dissolution of Islam\u2019s sovereignty would happen. But, Qur\u2019an, consoling the holy Prophet (PBUH) tells him that it is not him who will be without offspring, but surely his enemy is.<\/p>\n

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Explanation: Lady Hazrat Fatimah (SA) and Kawthar<\/h3>\n

It was said earlier that \u2018Kawthar\u2019 has a vast inclusive meaning which is \u2018goodness in abundance\u2019 and the examples are many. A large number of scholars of the Shia school believe that one of the most clear examples of that word is the auspicious existence of Lady Fatimah Zahra (SA), because the occasion of the revelation of the verse says that they accused the holy Prophet (PBUH) of being without offspring, but the Qur\u2019an says:<\/p>\n

\u201cSurely (O Muhammad) We have given you abundance of good (Kawthar).\u201d<\/strong><\/em><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n

From this meaning we understand that this \u2018abundance of good\u2019 is the very Lady Fatimah Zahra (SA) of whom the descendants of the Prophet (PBUH) increased abundantly and thousands and thousands of them scattered in the world preaching his religion and preserving it.<\/p>\n

It is a fact that none can correctly count the number of descendants of Imam Ali (AS) and Fatimah (SA) who are recognized as the descendants of the holy Prophet (PBUH), among whom so many great scholars, scientists, writers, commentators, jurisprudents, traditionists and splendid leaders left some outstanding works and unmatched fame in this world, and tried to protect Islam with their donations and devotions.<\/p>\n

Here, we encounter a very interesting discussion from Fakhr-i-Razi who, along with other commentaries on \u2018Kawthar\u2019, says:<\/p>\n

\u201cThe third statement is that this Surah has been revealed to reject those who criticized the holy\u00a0<\/em>Prophet (S) for his lack of progeny, therefore, the meaning of the Surah is that Allah (SWT) shall give him a generation which will remain stable through all ages.<\/em><\/p>\n

And consider this, that although a number of Ahlul-Bayt (AS) have been martyred, the world is replete with them, where as from the Ummayads (who were the enemies of Islam) there remains no mentionable figure in the world. Then, behold and see how many of the great men of leadership such as Baqir (AS), Sadiq (AS), Ridha (AS), and Nafs-i-Zakiyyah<\/em>7<\/a>\u00a0are found among them, (the household).\u201d[5]<\/em><\/p>\n

The Miracle of this Surah<\/h3>\n

This Surah virtually contains three important miraculous predictions.<\/p>\n

On the one hand, it informs the Prophet (PBUH) of the, glad tidings of the<\/p>\n

\u2018abundance of good\u2019,<\/strong><\/em><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n

(although the verb \/A\u2019tayna\/ is in the past tense form, but it may be as the indisputable tense common to the present and future which has been stated in the form of the past tense) and this \u2018abundance of good\u2019 encompasses all victories and successes that were obtained, later, by the holy Prophet (PBUH); were not predictable in Mecca at the time of the revelation of this Surah.<\/p>\n

On the other hand, the Surah foretells that the holy Prophet (PBUH) shall not be without posterity, and his generations and descendants shall exist abundantly in the world.<\/p>\n

The third prediction of the Surah is that the enemies of the Prophet (S) will be Aabtar\u2019, i.e., without posterity. This, too, actually happened and those enemies were so rooted out that no trace of their generations can be seen today. Tribes such as the Umayyads and Abbasids, who opposed the Prophet (PBUH) and his prophecy and who enjoyed such a population that their family and children could not be counted, today, of which there is not one of them to be introduced.<\/p>\n

source:shafaqna<\/a><\/p>\n

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