{"id":1614,"date":"2019-11-30T08:20:00","date_gmt":"2019-11-30T08:20:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/shiastudies.com\/en\/1614\/denunciation-of-ancient-customs-on-death-of-sons-and-loved-ones-2\/"},"modified":"2019-12-16T07:14:28","modified_gmt":"2019-12-16T07:14:28","slug":"denunciation-of-ancient-customs-on-death-of-sons-and-loved-ones-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/shiastudies.com\/en\/1614\/denunciation-of-ancient-customs-on-death-of-sons-and-loved-ones-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Denunciation of Ancient Customs on Death of Sons and Loved Ones"},"content":{"rendered":"

When Islam came and spread, and when the rewards of perseverance were known and became widespread, their desire for it increased, and the status of those who were afflicted by it was elevated.
\nAbu al-Ahwas has said, “Ali ibn Mas`ud came to us, and he had three young sons each was as shiny as a gold dinar. We were amazed at how beautiful they looked, so he said, \\’Do you envy me on their account?\\’ We said, \\’By Allah, we do. It is due to such youths that a Muslim is envied.\\’ He, therefore, raised his head to a low ceiling where a bird had nested and laid eggs and said, \\’By the one in whose hand my soul is, it is dearer to me when I shake the dust where I bury them than the nest of this bird falls and some of its eggs break,\\’ meaning having a greater desire for reward.”
\nAbdullah ibn Mas`ud, may Allah be pleased with him, used to teach people the Qur\\’an at the mosque as he knelt down on his knees when his wife came to him with one of his sons named Muhammad. She stood at the mosque\\’s door and signaled to him. He went out. People made room for him till the boy sat in his lap.
\nHe kept saying, “Welcome to the one who is named after someone who is much, much better than him,” and he kept kissing him till he almost swallowed his saliva. Then Abdullah ibn Mas`ud said, “By Allah! Your death and that of your brothers is less important to me than these flies.” People said to him, “Do you really wish they would die?!”
\nHe said, “May Allah forgive you for questioning me! I cannot help but answering you. I desire by it goodness. As for me, I protect their interests and fear for them. Yet I heard the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be with him and his progeny, saying, \\’Time will come to you when a man is envied for having a light burden just as he nowadays is envied for having plenty of money and sons.”
\nAbu Dharr, may Allah be pleased with him, used to always lose his sons after their birth, so it was said to him, “You are a man for whom no sons survive.” He said, “Praise is due to Allah who takes them from the temporal abode to the eternal one.”[1][145]
\nAbdullah ibn Amir al-Mazini, may Allah be pleased with him, lost to the sweeping plague seven sons on one and the same day, so he said, “I am submitting to the will of Allah as a Muslim [should].”
\nAbdul-Rahman ibn \u2018Uthman has said, “We went to visit Mu\\’adh as he was sitting at the head of his son when the latter was drawing his last breaths, so we could not help weeping, and some of us sobbed. Mu\\’adh rebuked one who sobbed saying, “Stop it! By Allah, Allah knows that I accept it.
\nThis [situation] is dearer to me than a military campaign in which I participate in the company of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be with him and with his progeny, for I heard him say, \\’If one had a son, and he held him dear, and he preferred him, but when the son died and he chose to persevere in the hope for rewards, Allah will replace him for the deceased one a home better than his home, and an ultimate end better than his; He will replace his affliction with rewards equal to performing the prayers, to mercy, forgiveness and pleasure from Him.\\’
\n“So, we hardly left before the boy passed away just when the caller to prayers called for the noontime prayers; therefore, we went there to pray. By the time we arrived, he had washed his son\\’s corpse, applied hanoot (embalmed) and shrouded it. Someone brought a coffin for him without waiting for brothers or neighbors to cast a last look at the deceased. When we came to know about that, we rushed and said to the father, \\’May Allah forgive you, O father of Abdul-Rahman! Why did you not wait for us to finish performing our prayers before being able to view our nephew?!\\’
\nHe said, \\’We have been ordered not to let our dead wait whether they died during the night or the day.\\’ He got down in the grave and another man got down with him. When he wanted to come out, I stretched my hand to him to pull him out of the grave, but he refused and said, \\’I shall not relinquish it [your offer of assistance] due to my strength, but I hate an ignorant person may see it as a sign of my deep grief or relaxation at the time of affliction.\\’
\nHe then went to his meeting place and ordered some oil with which he anointed himself, some kohl with which he dyed his eyes and a garment to put on, and he on that day kept smiling more than usual, intending in its regard whatever his intention might be. Then he said, \\’We belong to Allah, and to Him is our return. Allah compensates for anything [and anyone] that perishes, a consolation for every calamity, and a compensation for what one had missed.\\'”
\nIt is narrated that some people were in the company of Imam Ali son of Imam al-Hussain, peace be with them both, when a servant over-grilled some meat in the open oven (tannoor, tandor), whereupon he rushed to it, dropping the skewers on the head of a son of Imam Ali son of Imam al-Hussain (\u0639), killing him instantly.
\nThe Imam (\u0639) leaped just to see his son having already died. He turned to the servant and said, “You are free for the sake of Allah Almighty. You did not do it on purpose,” then he started preparations for his son\\’s burial.[2][146]
\nAl-Akhnaf ibn Qais is quoted as having said, “Learn clemency and perseverance, for I have done so.” He was asked, “From whom did you learn?” He said, “I learned from Qais ibn Asim.” He was asked, “What was the extent of his clemency?” He said, “We were sitting once in his company when his killed son was brought to him together with his tied killer, yet he did not change the way he was squatting, nor did he even interrupt what he was talking about.
\nThen he turned to his son\\’s killer and said, \\’O son of my brother! What caused you to do what you did?\\’ The killer said, \\’I felt angry.\\’ The father said, \\’Should you insult your own self, disobey your own Lord and wipe out a number of your good deeds whenever you feel angry? Go away, for I have freed you.\\'”
\nThen al-Akhnaf ibn Qais turned to his sons and said, “Sons! Bathe and shroud your brother, and once you have done so, bring him to me so I may perform the prayers for him.” When they buried their killed brother, their father said to them, “His mother is not from your tribe; she belongs to other people, and I do not think that she will be pleased with what you have done; so, pay her the blood money from my own wealth.”[3][147]
\nAs-Saduq has narrated in his Faqih book that when Dharr, the son of Abu Dharr, may Allah have mercy on him, died, Abu Dharr stood at his grave, rubbed it and said, “May Allah have mercy on you, O Dharr! By Allah! You were kind to me, and you have passed away while I am pleased with you.
\nBy Allah! Despite having lost you, no calamity has afflicted me, and I need none other than Allah. Had it not been for the horror of the situation, I would have been pleased to be in your place. Grieving about your own condition has distracted me from grieving about that of my own. By Allah! I have not cried for you but over you; so, I wonder what has been said to you and what you have said.”
\nThen he raised his head to the sky and said, “Lord! I have forgiven him whatever he owes me of rights; so, do forgive whatever sins he has committed about You, for You are the most generous and the most kind,” then he went away saying, “We have left you behind, and had we stayed with you, we would not have been able to help you at all.”[4][148]
\nAl-Mibrad narrates saying that when Dharr son of \u2018Umar died, his father stood up as he was lying in state and said, “O son! We have no calamity on account of your death, and we need none except Allah.” When the son was buried, the father stood at his grave and said, “O Dharr! May Allah forgive you. We are now preoccupied with grief over you rather than with grieving about you because we do not know what you said or what was said to you [by the angels of death].
\nLord! I have granted him whatever he fell short of fulfilling my rights, so do grant him whatever he has fallen short with regard to his obligations towards You, and count my rewards for this supplication among his own good deeds, and increase Your favors on me, for to You do I direct my desire.”
\n\u2018Umar was asked how his son had behaved with him. He said, “I never walked during the night except as he walked in front of me [to protect me at the expense of exposing himself to danger], and I never walked during the daytime except as he was behind me [out of respect for me], and he never ascended on a rooftop when I was underneath it.”[5][149]
\nSome of the folks of Banu Abas went to meet a caliph. Among them was a blind man. The caliph asked him about his blindness. The blind man said, “I spent the night once in the depth of a valley, and I did not know anyone among my Banu Abas folks who was wealthier than I was. We were hit by a torrent which wiped out my family, wealth and sons save my camel and an infant boy. The camel was unruly, and it once was frightened and fled away.
\nI put my infant son down and ran after the camel. I did not go far before I heard my son crying, so I returned to him just to see a wolf\\’s head started feasting on him. I was able to catch up with the camel so I would subdue it, but it gouged me with its foot on my face, smashing it, causing me to be blind. Now I have no wealth, family, son or camel.”
\nIt is narrated that Iyadh son of Uqbah al-Fahri lost a son. He got down inside his grave. A man said to him, “By Allah, he was the master of the army; so, seek Allah\\’s recompense for such a loss.” He said, “What stops me from so doing since he was yesterday my life\\’s decoration and today he is among my everlasting good deeds?!”
\n“Abu Ali” al-Razi has said, “I accompanied al-Fadhil son of Iyadh for thirty years, yet I never saw him laughing or smiling at all except on the day when his son, Ali, died. I said to him in this regard, \\’Allah, Praise and Exaltation belong to Him, has loved a matter to take place, so you have loved what Allah Almighty has loved.”
\nAmr son of Ka\\’b al-Hindi died in Tasattur[6][150], so the news was kept from his father. Then the father came to know about it, but he did not express impatience but said instead, “Praise is due to Allah Who created a martyr out of my loins.” Then another son was also martyred in Jurjan[7][151]. When news reached him about it, he said, \u201cPraise be to Allah Who chose another martyr from my loins.\u201d
\nAl-Bayhaqi has narrated saying that Abdullah ibn Matraf died, so his father, Matraf, went out to meet his folks wearing very nice clothes, having anointed himself. People became angry with him and said, \u201cAbdullah dies, yet you come out wearing nice clothes and anointed?!\u201d
\nHe said, \u201cShould I instead surrender, while my Lord, Praise and Exalted is He, has promised me for it three merits which are dearer to me than the world and everything in it? Allah Almighty has said, \u2018\u2026 [Those] who say, when afflicted with calamity, \u2018To Allah do we belong, and to Him do we return\u2019 are the ones on whom God\\’s blessings and mercy (descend), and they are the ones who receive guidance\u2019 (Qur\\’an, 2:156-57).\u201d
\nA man from Quarish invited some of his brothers for a feast. One of his sons was hit by an animal that killed him. He hid the news from his people and said to his family, \u201cI do not want to come to know any woman among you who raises her voice or who cries.\u201d
\nThen he went to his brothers. Once they have all finished eating, he started preparing to bury his son. Suddenly they saw the coffin, so they were shocked and asked about it. He provided them with the details, whereupon they were amazed about his perseverance and generosity.
\nIt has been mentioned that a man in Yamama buried three of his sons who all were grownups, then he squatted in his place of meeting among his folks talking to them as if nothing at all had happened. He was criticized for so doing, so he said, \u201cThey were not the first to die, nor am I the only one afflicted with such a calamity. And there is no benefit in being impatient; so, why do you remonstrate with me?\u201d
\nAbu al-Abbas has traced an incident to Masrooq who quotes al-Awza`i saying, \u201cA wise man has told us saying, \u2018I went out seeking to guard the borders till I reached Egypt\u2019s Areesh[8][152] where I saw an umbrella underneath which a blind man was sitting, stretching his hands and legs as he kept saying, \u2018Praise belongs to You, Lord and Master! Lord! I praise You a praise which is equivalent to all the praise Your creation have praised you, like Your favor on the rest of Your creation for having preferred me exceedingly over many of those whom You have created.\u2019
\nI told myself that I would ask him whether he was speaking out of knowledge or is simply inspired to do so. I came close to him and greeted him. He responded to my greeting. I said to him, \u2018May Allah have mercy on you! I wish to ask you about something. Are you going to answer me or not?\u2019 He said, \u2018If I know the answer, I will inform you of it.\u2019
\nI said to him, \u2018May Allah have mercy on you! For which of His favors are you thanking Him?\u2019 He said, \u2018Do you not see what He has done to me?\u2019 I said, \u2018Yes\u2019. He said, \u2018By Allah, had Allah, the most Praised and the most Exalted, poured on me fire that burnt me, ordered the mountains to crush me, ordered the seas to drown me and ordered the earth to swallow me, I would not have increased in anything but love for Him, nor would have I increased but thanks to Him. I need you to do me a favor. Are you going to oblige?\u2019
\nI said, \u2018Yes, tell me what you need.\u2019 He said, \u2018One of my sons used to look after me during my prayer times and feed me my meals. I lost him since yesterday. Look and see if you can find him.\u2019 I said to myself that doing this man a favor would probably bring me closer to Allah, the most Exalted, the most Great. I, therefore, stood up and went looking for his son.
\nWhen I was standing between sand dunes, I saw a lion that had already devoured the boy. I said to myself, \u2018Surely we belong to Allah, and surely to Him is our return. How shall I bring this sad news about his son to such a righteous servant of Allah?\u2019 I went to him and greeted him. He responded to my greeting. I said, \u2018If I ask you about something, are you going to answer me?\u2019 He said, \u2018If I have knowledge about it, I will tell you.\u2019
\nI said, \u2018Are you more cherished by Allah Almighty and is your status with Him closer than that of Ayyub (Job), Prophet of Allah, peace be with him?\u2019 He answered saying, \u2018Rather, the prophet of Allah is. He is more cherished by Allah Almighty than I am and his status with Allah Almighty is much greater than that of my own.\u2019
\nI said to him, \u2018Allah Almighty tested him, so he persevered, so much so that those who used to enjoy his company abandoned him [due to his bodily smell], and he was thrown where passersby could see him. Be informed that your son about whom you informed me and asked me to find has been ravaged by a lion; so, may Allah increase your rewards on his account.\u2019
\n\u201cThe man said, \u2018Praise to Allah Who did not make me sigh for what this world has.\u2019 He then gasped and fell on his face to the ground. I stayed for a while with him to move him just to find out that he had already died. I said, \u2018Surely we belong to Allah, and to Him is surely our return. What shall I do about him? And who will help me wash his corpse, shroud, dig his grave and bury him?\u2019
\n\u201cAs I was thus preoccupied, I saw riders heading to the borders, too, so I signaled to them, and they came in my direction till they faced me. They said, \u2018Who are you, and who is this [dead man]?\u2019 I narrated my story to them, so they tied their mounts and helped me bathe the dead man with sea water. We shrouded him with some clothes which they had with them. I advanced and offered the funeral prayers with the group. We buried him under his umbrella.
\n\u201cI sat at his grave to recite the Holy Qur\\’an till an hour of the night had passed. I felt drowsy, so I saw my fellow in a vision looking in the best form, wearing very beautiful outfits and sitting in a green garden wearing green outfits and reciting the Qur\\’an. I said to him, \u2018Are you not my fellow?!\u2019
\nHe said, \u2018Yes.\u2019 I said, \u2018What has brought you to such a status as I can see?\u2019 He said, \u2018Be informed that I have come in the company of those who persevere to Allah, the most Exalted, the most Great, in a degree which they did not earn except through persevering during the time of affliction and thanks in prosperity.\u2019 I then woke up.\u201d[9][153]
\nAl-Sha\u2019bi narrated saying that he once saw a man who had just buried a son. Once he healed the dust on his grave, he said, \u201cO son! You were a gift from the most Glorious One, the present of the One, the trust of the Able One, the flag of a Victor, then the One Who had given you has now taken you back: The One Who owns you has reclaimed you; so, Allah has compensated me for having lost you with perseverance; may Allah never deprive me of rewards on your account.\u201d Then he said, \u201cYou have nothing which you owe me, I have granted it to you, and Allah is more Worthy of bestowing favors than I am.\u201d
\nWhen Abdul-Maliki son of \u2018Umar ibn Abdul-Aziz passed away, and so was his brother Sahl son of \u2018Umar ibn Abdul-Aziz and his slave Muzahim, all in successive days, some of their father\u2019s friends visited him to console him. Among what one man said that day to \u2018Umar was this: \u201cBy Allah! I never saw a son like yours, nor a brother like your brother, nor a slave like your slave.\u201d \u2018Umar lowered his head then said, \u201cRepeat what you have said.\u201d The man repeated his statement, whereupon \u2018Umar ibn Abdul-Aziz said, \u201cI swear by the One Who took them back to Him that I love nothing more than what Allah has done.\u201d
\nIt has also been said that when \u2018Umar ibn Abdul-Aziz was once sitting at his meeting place, his son Abdul-Malik came to him and said, \u201cFear Allah with regard to the oppression dealt to your brother so-and-so! By Allah! I wish the pots boiled both myself and yourself if it pleases Allah.\u201d His son went away, so his father watched him and said to himself that he would get to know his conditions. He was asked about his conditions, so \u2018Umar ibn Abdul-Aziz said, \u201cI wish that he dies so I may claim my rewards with Allah on account of persevering in his regard.\u201d
\nWhen Abdul-Maliki was sick, his father \u2018Umar ibn Abdul-Aziz visited him and asked him how he felt. He said, \u201cI find myself in the presence of death; so, seek rewards, O father, by persevering on my account, for the rewards of Allah Almighty are much better for you than I am.\u201d His father said, \u201cO son! Should you be in my scales [of good deeds], it is dearer to me than I should be in yours.\u201d
\nHis son said, \u201cWhat you love is dearer to me than what I love.\u201d When he died, his father stood at his grave and said, \u201cMay Allah have mercy on you, O son! You were a source of pleasure at the time of your birth, you were kind at the time of growth, yet I do not wish now that you respond to me if I should call on you.\u201d
\nBefore Abdul-Malik\u2019s death, another son of \u2018Umar ibn Abdul-Aziz died, so he sat at his head, removed the sheet from his face and kept looking at it, shedding tears. His son, Abdul-Malik, came to him and said, \u201cO father! You should be concerned about the death that is approaching you more so than about the death that has already approached. It is as though you have rejoined your son and buried him underneath the dust with your face.\u201d \u2018Umar wept and said, \u201cMay Allah have mercy on you, O son! By Allah, your blessing has always been great since I came to know you, yet you are more useful to one whom you admonish.\u201d<\/h4>\n

Some Women\\’s Perseverence Reported by Scholars
\nIt has been narrated about Anas ibn Malik saying that the son of Abu Talhah, may Allah be pleased with him, was sick once. His father was away when the boy died. When Abu Talhah returned, he asked his wife, \u201cWhat has my son done [during my absence]?\u201d Umm Saleem, the mother of the boy, may Allah be pleased with her, said, \u201cHe has never been so quiet.\u201d She brought him dinner, then he cohabited with her. When he was through, she said to him, \u201cThe boy has left us.\u201d
\nAbu Talhah went to the Messenger of Allah the next morning and told him about this incident. The Prophet (\u0635) asked him, \u201cDid you have intercourse with your wife last night?\u201d Abu Talhah answered in the affirmative. The Prophet (\u0635) said, \u201cLord! Bless them.\u201d A son was born to Abu Talhah.
\nUmm Saleem said to Abu Talhah, \u201cCarry him [newborn] and take him to the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be with him and his progeny,\u201d giving him some dates. The Prophet (\u0635) asked if Abu Talhah had had something with him. The latter said, \u201cFew dates.\u201d The Prophet (\u0635) took one of them, chewed it then put it in the boy\u2019s mouth, treating his palate with it and naming him \u201cAbdullah\u201d.[10][154]
\nA man from among the Ansar said, \u201cI saw nine of his [Abdullah\u2019s] sons each one of whom was a reciter of the Holy Qur\\’an,\u201d referring to the sons of the then newborn Abdullah.[11][155]
\nAccording to another narrative, Abu Talhah had a son by Umm Saleem who passed away. Umm Saleem said to her family, \u201cDo not tell Abu Talhah about his son so I may be the one to do so.\u201d She brought him dinner. He ate and drank. Then she put on more make-up than she used to. Once she saw that he was satisfied with food and had had intercourse with her, she said to him, \u201cO Abu Talhah! Have you seen how some people lent something to a family then asked for it back, should they be prevented from having it back?\u201d He said, \u201cNo.\u201d She said, \u201cThen seek compensations from your Lord for your son\u2019s death.\u201d He felt angry and said to her, \u201cYou have waited till I am unclean to tell me about my son?\u201d[12][156]
\nIn another way of narrating this incident, it is said that at the end of that night, Umm Saleem said to her husband, Abu Talhah, \u201cO father of Talhah! So-and-so folks borrowed something which they enjoyed, but when they were asked to return it, the folks found it too hard to comply.\u201d He said, \u201cThey were not fair.\u201d She then said, \u201cOur son, who is a loan from Allah, the most Exalted One, the most Great, has been taken back by Allah,\u201d whereupon he said, \u201cInna Lillahi wa Inna Alayhi Raji\u2019oon (We belong to Allah, and to Him is our return)\u201d. In the next morning, Abu Talhah went to see the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessing of Allah be with him and his family, whom he informed about it. The Messenger of Allah (\u0635) said to him, \u201cAllah blessed you both last night.\u201d
\nUmm Saleem became pregnant, and she gave birth to a son. The Messenger of Allah (\u0635) rubbed his face and named him \u201cAbdullah\u201d.
\nIn Uyoon al-Majalis, the incident has an interesting addition. It runs thus: Mu\u2019awiyah ibn Qurrah is quoted as having said that Abu Talhah used to love his son exceedingly. The son fell ill, so Umm Saleem was concerned about the effect of grief on Abu Talhah when the death of their son drew closer, so she sent him to the Messenger of Allah (\u0635). When Abu Talhah came out of his home, the son died. Umm Saleem covered her deceased son with a shirt and put him in a corner in the house, then she went to her family and said to them, \u201cDo not tell Abu Talhah a thing.\u201d
\nThen she cooked some food and applied some perfume. When Abu Talhah returned from his meeting with the Messenger of Allah (\u0635), he asked about his son. She said to him, \u201cHis soul is now calm.\u201d Then he inquired whether there was food for them to eat, whereupon she brought him the food, then she offered herself to him. He had intercourse with her.
\nWhen she noticed that her husband was fully composed, she said to him, \u201cO Abu Talhah! Are you going to be angry if we return a trust which was in our custody to its people?\u201d He said, \u201cPraise be to Allah! Of course, I will not.\u201d She said, \u201cYour son was a trust in our hands, and Allah Almighty has taken him back.\u201d Abu Talhah said, \u201cI am more worthy than you of persevering.\u201d
\nThe man stood up, took his ghusul [ceremonial bath] then made his ablution and offered two rek\u2019ats. He went to the Prophet (\u0635) and informed him about what they both had done. The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be with him and his progeny, said to him, \u201cAllah has blessed you in your cohabitation.\u201d Then the Messenger of Allah (\u0635) said, \u201cPraise to Allah who made in my nation the likeness of the persevering woman of Banu Israel.\u201d People asked the Prophet (\u0635), \u201cO Messenger of Allah! What was her story?\u201d
\nThe Prophet (\u0635) said, \u201cThere was a woman in the Children of Israel who was married and had two sons. Her husband ordered her to cook food so he would invite people to partake of it, which she did. People gathered at his house, whereas the boys set out to play. They fell in a well which was inside the house. The woman hated to ruin her husband\u2019s hospitality, so she lodged them inside, pulling them by their shirts.
\nWhen everything was over, her husband came in and asked her about his sons. She said, \u2018They are in the house.\u2019 By then she had put on some perfume, and she offered herself to her husband till he cohabited with her. He again asked where his sons were, and again she told him that they were at home. Their father called them out by their names, whereas they came out running. The woman said, \u2018Praise to Allah! By Allah, they were dead, but Allah Almighty brought them back to life as a reward for my perseverance.\u2019\u201d[13][157]
\nSomething close to this is narrated in Dalaail al-Nubuwwah from Anas ibn Malik who has said, \u201cWe visited a man from the Ansars who was sick. We hardly left when he passed away. We put a shirt on him as his mother, an old lady, stood as his head. We said to her, \u2018Seek rewards from Allah Almighty for your calamity.\u2019 She asked, \u2018Has my son died?\u2019 We said, \u2018Yes.\u2019 She said, \u2018Is it true what you have said?\u2019 We said, \u2018Yes.\u2019
\nShe stretched her hands and said, \u2018Lord! You know that I have surrendered my will to You and migrated to the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be with him and his progeny, in the hope he will help me during the times of hardship and prosperity; so, do not let me bear this calamity this day.\u2019 He removed the shirt from his face with his own hands, and we did not leave till we had food with him.\u201d[14][158]
\nThis supplication from the woman, may Allah have mercy on her, leads one to know Allah and to feel comfortable with whatever He fares with those whom we love. He accepts their supplication.
\nOne of the interesting texts which agree with the above is the munajat [one\u2019s unspoken address to the Almighty] by Barkh the Black: Allah ordered Moses, peace be with him, to whom He spoke, to ask to pray for rain for the Children of Israel after seven years of drought. Moses went out accompanied by seventy thousand men.
\nAllah inspired to him thus: \u201cHow shall I respond to them while their sins have overwhelmed them? Their innermost is foul; they call on Me without truly believing in Me, and they feel safe from My Might! Go back to one of My servants called Barkh. Let him come out so I may answer his supplication.\u201d
\nMoses inquired about him, but nobody seemed to know him. As Moses, peace be with him, was walking one day along a road, he saw a black slave between whose eyes there was dust marking his prostration. He was wearing a scarf which he had tied round his neck. Moses recognized him through the noor which Allah Almighty had granted him, so he asked him about his name. \u201cMy name is Barkh,\u201d he said.
\nMoses said to him, \u201cWe have been looking for you for some time. Come out and pray for rain for us.\u201d He went out. Among what he said was this: \u201cLord! This is not known to be among Your actions, nor is this a sign of Your clemency; so, what has appeared to You?! Are Your springs now fewer in number, or has the wind rebelled, disobeying You, or has what You have with you been exhausted?!
\nOr has Your wrath against the sinners intensified? Are You not the Forgiving One even before wrongdoers were created?! You created mercy; You commended kindness; or are You showing us that You are inaccessible, or are You concerned about the passage of time, so You speed up the penalty?!\u201d Barkh kept supplicating till the land was flooded with rain, and the Children of Israel were wading in it.
\nWhen Barkh returned, he faced Moses, peace be with him, and asked him, \u201cHave you seen how I argued with my Lord and how He was so fair to me?!\u201d[15][159]
\nNow we return to reports about women who persevered: It has been narrated that Asma daughter of Umais, may Allah be pleased with her, was informed once about the death of her son, Muhammad son of Abu Bakr, how he was killed then burnt inside a donkey\u2019s carcass. She went to her prayer area where she sat and controlled her rage till her breasts bleeded.
\nIt has been narrated about Hamna daughter of Jahsh, may Allah be pleased with her, being informed about her brother having been killed. She said, \u201cMay Allah have mercy on him; we belong to Allah, and to Him do we return.\u201d Those who brought her the sad news added saying, \u201cYour husband, too, has been killed.\u201d She said, \u201cHow grieved I am!\u201d The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be with him and his progeny, therefore said, \u201cA husband has a branch from the wife which is not like anything else.\u201d[16][160]
\nIt has also been reported that Safiyya daughter of Abdul-Muttalib went to see her brother by both her parents, Hamzah son of Abdul-Muttalib, at Uhud, and his corpse had been mutilated. The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be with him and his progeny, told her son, al-Zubair, to send her back so she would not see in what condition her brother was.
\nAl-Zubair said to her, \u201cMother! The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be with him and his progeny, orders you to return.\u201d She said, \u201cWhy so, since I have already been told that my brother\u2019s corpse has been mutilated? This is decreed by Allah, the most Exalted, the most Great; so, why should we object to His will?
\nI shall seek His rewards for it, and if Allah wills, I shall persevere.\u201d When al-Zubair went to the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be with him and his progeny, he told him about what she said. He, therefore, told al-Zubair not to stand in her way. She came and cast a look at the corpse, offered prayers and said, \u201cWe belong to Allah and to Him is our return,\u201d then she prayed the Almighty to forgive him.[17][161]
\nIbn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, is quoted as having said that when Hamzah, may Allah be pleased with him, was killed during the Battle of Uhud, Safiyya [his sister] came looking for him, not knowing what had happened to him. She met Ali and al-Zubair. Ali, peace be with him, said to al-Zubair, \u201cSay something to your mother.\u201d
\nAl-Zubair said, \u201cNo, you say something to your aunt.\u201d She said, \u201cHow did Hamzah fare?\u201d They gave her the impression that they did not know. She went to the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be with him and his progeny, whereupon he (\u0635) said that he was afraid she, his aunt, might lose her sanity. He (\u0635), therefore, put his hand on her chest and supplicated for her. She said, \u201cWe belong to Allah, and to Him is our return,\u201d and she wept.
\nThe Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be with him and his progeny, stood up and saw how mutilated his uncle\\’s corpse was. He (\u0635) said, \u201cHad I not been concerned about women losing their patience, I would have left him till he is gathered on the Judgment Day from birds\u2019 craws and beasts\u2019 bellies.\u201d[18][162]
\nA youth from among the Ansars named Khallad was martyred during the Battle of Banu Quraizah. His mother came neatly outfitted. It was said to her, \u201cDo you dress yourself like that while you have been afflicted with Khallad?!\u201d She said, \u201cIf I have been afflicted with Khallad, I am not afflicted with my modesty.\u201d The Prophet (\u0635) supplicated for him, saying, \u201cHe will receive twice the rewards because the People of the Book [the Jews of Banu Quraizah] had killed him.\u201d[19][163]
\nAnas ibn Malik is quoted as having said that during the Battle of Uhud, the people of Medina were extremely agitated. They said, \u201cMuhammad, peace and blessings of Allah be with him and his progeny, has been killed,\u201d so much so that loud cries were heard in all city districts. A woman from the Ansar came out grieving. She saw the corpses of her father, son, husband and brother; nobody knows which one of them she first saw.
\nWhen she saw the last corpse, [not recognizing any of them] she asked: \u201cWho is this?\u201d She was told, \u201cThis is your brother, and these are your father, husband and son.\u201d She said, \u201cHow did the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be with him and his progeny, fare?\u201d They said, \u201cHe is ahead of you.\u201d She walked till she met the Prophet (\u0635). She held a portion of his robe and kept saying, \u201cO Messenger of Allah! May both my parents be sacrificed for your sake! I do not care about anything as long as you are safe from any harm.\u201d
\nAl-Bayhaqi has narrated saying that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be with him and his progeny, met once a woman from Banu Dinar whose husband, father and brother were killed defending the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be with him and his progeny, during the Battle of Uhud.
\nWhen she received condolences because of them, she asked, \u201cHow did the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be with him and his progeny, fare?\u201d They said, \u201cHe fared well, O mother of so-and-so, and he praises Allah as you love.\u201d She said, let me see him.\u201d They pointed in his direction. When she saw him, she said, \u201cAny calamity, other than one harming you, is nothing at all.\u201d[20][164]
\nSamra daughter of Qais, sister of Abu Hizam, came out when both her sons were killed. The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be with him and his progeny, consoled her in their regard, so she said to him, \u201cAny calamity other than one afflicting you is nothing. By Allah! This dust which I see on your face is more painful to me than seeing what has taken place to them.\u201d
\nIt has been narrated that Silah son of Asheem was participating in a military campaign accompanied by his son. He said to his son, \u201cO son! Charge and fight, so I may seek Allah\u2019s rewards.\u201d The son charged, fought and was killed. His father then charged, fought and was killed, too. Women gathered round his mother, Mu\u2019adha al-Adawiyya wife of Silah. She said to them, \u201cWelcome to you if you have come to congratulate me [on my son\u2019s martyrdom]. But if you have come for another reason, go back.\u201d
\nIt has been narrated that an old woman from Banu Bakr son of Kilab used to be praised by her folks for her wisdom and terse opinions. One of those who were in her company once was told that her son, the only son she had had, died following a long period of sickness during which she nursed him very well. When he died, she sat in her courtyard where her folks came to offer their condolences.
\nShe asked one of their dignitaries: \u201cO so-and-so! What is the duty of one on whom a blessing has been poured, one who has been outfitted with good health, one whose vision is straight\u2026, should he not be self-confident before his knot is untied and he sits in his courtyard, death descending upon his house, so he can keep it [death] away from himself?\u201d She then recited a couple of lines of poetry saying, He is my son, my joy, and the Lord of Dignity has taken him to Himself, So if I rest my hope on rewards, and if I grieve, what benefit will tears bring me?
\nA dignitary said to her, \u201cWe always hear that women are too weak to persevere; so, nobody after you should ever fret. Your perseverance is honored, and surely you are not at all like other women.\u201d
\nShe said to him, \u201cIf one differentiates between fretting and persevering, he will find between them a huge distance: As for perseverance, it looks good in the open, it is well rewarded. As for fretting, it does not bring about anything good while causing one who goes through it to reap a sin.
\nHad they both had forms of two men, perseverance would have been the winner, and it will have the good image, the honorable nature with regard to the creed and the good rewards in the Hereafter. Suffices him what Allah, the most Exalted One, the most Great, has promised those in whom He instills it.\u201d
\nJuwairiyya daughter of Asma is quoted as having said that three brothers participated in the Battle of Tasattur and were all martyred. Their mother heard about their martyrdom, so she asked, \u201cWere they killed charging, or were they fleeing?\u201d
\nIt was said to her that they were charging. She said, \u201cPraise be to Allah! By Allah! They have won, and they have safeguarded their honor! I wish I could sacrifice both my parents for their sake!\u201d She neither sighed, nor did she shed one tear.
\nAbu Qudamah al-Shami (the Syrian) is quoted as having said, \u201cI was in command of the army in an invasion. I entered a country and called people to participate in the campaign, trying to make them interested in and recruit them for Jihad, mentioning the distinction of martyrdom and the rewards of the martyrs. Then people dispersed, so I rode my horse and went home. I met a woman whose face was the very best, and she called on me by my name, but I kept going and did not respond.
\nShe said, \u2018Such is not the attribute of the righteous.\u2019 I, therefore, stopped. She came and gave me a sheet of paper wrapped in a piece of cloth then went back in tears. I looked at the sheet and I found this written in it: \u2018You invited us to participate in Jihad and made us desire its rewards. I cannot do that [being a woman], so I cut off the best in me: both my braids and sent them to you to put them in your horse\u2019s reign, perhaps Allah will see my hair tied to your horse and He may forgive me.\u2019
\nWhen the morning of fighting approached, I saw a youth fighting between the ranks with his head uncovered. I advanced towards him and said, \u2018Young man! You are a praiseworthy youth, and you are on your feet; I see no security for you if the steeds charge and they may crush you under their hooves; so, go back from your position.\u2019 The youth said, \u2018Do you order me to return while Allah Almighty has said: O you who believe! When you meet the unbelievers in hostile array, never turn your backs to them (Qur\\’an, 8:15)?\u2019
\nHe completed the recitation of the verse up to its end. I, therefore, made him ride on a camel which was with me. He said, \u2018O Abu Qudamah! Loan me three arrows.\u2019 I said, \u2018Is this the time for a loan?!\u2019 He kept insisting till I said to him, \u2018I shall do so on one condition: If Allah grants you martyrdom, include me in your intercession.\u2019
\nHe said, \u2018Yes, I shall do that.\u2019 So I gave him three arrows. He put one arrow in his bow and shot it, killing one Roman. Then he shot another and killed another Roman. Then he shot the remaining third arrow as he said, \u2018Peace be with you, O Abu Qudamah, a greeting of someone bidding you farewell.\u2019 An arrow came to him, piercing his face between his eyes. He put his head on the saddlebow. I advanced towards him and said, \u2018Do not forget it [your promise].\u2019
\nHe said, \u2018Yes, I will not, but I need a favor of you: When you enter Medina, go to my mother and hand over my saddlebag to her and inform her, for she is the one who had given you her hair so you would tie it to your horse. Greet her, for last year, she lost my father, and this year she has lost me.\u2019 He then died, so I dug up a grave for him and buried him. When I was about to leave his grave behind, the earth threw his corpse out on the ground.
\nSome people said, \u2018He is a praiseworthy youth, and maybe he went out [for Jihad] without his mother\u2019s permission.\u2019 I said, \u2018The earth accepts one who is more evil [than one who goes to Jihad without first getting his parents\u2019 permission due to his age].\u2019 I stood up and prayed two rek\u2019ats, supplicating to the Almighty, whereupon I heard a voice saying, \u2018O Abu Qudamah! Leave the servant of Allah alone!\u2019 Soon, birds [scavengers] descended on his corpse and ate it.
\n\u201cWhen I returned to Medina, I went to his mother\u2019s house. Having knocked at the door, his sister came out to me. When she saw me, she [immediately] returned to her mother and said, \u2018Mother! This is Abu Qudamah, and my brother is not with him. We were afflicted last year with the loss of my father and this year with the loss of my brother.\u2019
\nHis mother came out and asked me, \u2018Have you come to offer condolences or congratulations?\u2019 I said, \u2018What do you mean?\u2019 She said, \u2018If my son passed away, console me. But if he won martyrdom, congratulate me.\u2019 I said, \u2018No, he has died as a martyr.\u2019 She said, \u2018His death has a mark; have you seen it?\u2019 I said, \u2018Yes, I have: The earth did not accept him, and birds descended and ate his flesh, leaving his bones which I buried.\u2019
\nShe said, \u2018Then praise be to Allah!\u2019 I handed the saddlebag to her. She opened it and took out a shirt from it and iron chains. She said, \u2018Whenever night overwhelmed him with its darkness, he would wear this shirt and tie himself with the chains. He would thus speak to his Creator saying: Lord! Resurrect me from the craws of birds! Allah, praise and to Him, responded to his supplication, may Allah have mercy on him.\u2019\u201d
\nAl-Bayhaqi quotes Abu Abbas al-Sarraj as saying, \u201cSomeone lost a son, so I went to see his mother to whom I said, \u2018Fear Allah and be patient.\u2019 She said, \u2018My calamity of losing him is greater than I should ruin it with impatience.\u2019\u201d
\nAban ibn Taghlib, may Allah have mercy on him, has said, \u201cI visited a woman whose son had just died. She came out to him, closed his eyelids and directed his corpse towards the Ka\u2019ba. Then she said, \u2018O son! What good is fretting about something which never lasts? Weeping should be over what will tomorrow descend on you.
\nO son! Taste what your father tasted, and after you your mother shall taste it, too. The greatest rest for this body is sleep, and sleep is a sibling of death. What difference should it make to you whether you sleep on your bed or on something else? Tomorrow there will be questioning, Paradise and Hell; if you are among the residents of Paradise, how can death bring you any harm at all?
\nAnd if you are among the residents of Hell, what benefit should life bring you even if you live longer than anyone else? By Allah, O son, had death been among the most of noble things for the descendants of Adam, Allah would not have caused His Prophet, peace and blessings be with him and his family, to die while keeping His enemy, Satan the accursed, alive.\u2019\u201d[21][165]
\n[Abul-Abbas Muhammad ibn Yazid] al-Mubarrad is quoted as having said, \u201cI went to a woman to offer condolences on the death of her son. She kept praising him saying, \u2018He, by Allah, toiled but not for his own belly and commanded but not his wife.
\nHe was a hard worker for any cause which would not bring him shame. If there is a sin, he would not tolerate it.\u2019 I said to her, \u2018Do you have a son by him?\u2019 She said, \u2018Yes, praise to Allah; one with a lot of goodness, a reward from Allah Almighty and a good compensation in this life and in the life to come.\u2019\u201d
\nHe also is quoted as having said that he went once to Yemen and stayed at the residence of a woman who had a lot of money, slaves, sons and prosperity. He stayed there for a while. When he wanted to depart, he asked her, \u201cIs there anything I can do for you?\u201d She said, \u201cYes. Whenever you come to this land, stay with us.\u201d
\nHe stayed away for years, then he returned and stayed at her residence but found out that her wealth and slaves had gone, her sons had died, and her home was sold, yet she was pleased and smiling. He said to her, \u201cDo you smile despite all what has befallen you?\u201d She said, \u201cO servant of Allah! When I was in prosperity, I had a lot of grief, so I knew that it was because I did not thank the Almighty enough for it. Now I am in this condition, I smile and thank Allah Almighty for the patience which He has granted me.\u201d
\nMuslim ibn Yasar has said once, \u201cI went to Bahrain where a women hosted me, and she had sons, slaves, wealth and prosperity, yet I always saw her sad. I stayed away from her for along period of time then I returned. I did not find anyone at her door, so I sought permission to enter, and I found her pleased and smiling. I said to her, \u2018How are you?\u2019
\nShe said, \u2018During the time when you were away from us, every time we sent something by sea way, it sank, nor anything by land except it defected. The slaves are gone, the sons are dead.\u2019 I said to her, \u2018May Allah have mercy on you! I found you looking sad during that time and now you are pleased!\u2019
\nShe said, \u2018Yes, when I was at ease, I was afraid Allah Almighty might have sped up the rewards for my good deeds in the short life. When my wealth, sons and slaves were gone, I hoped that Allah Almighty might have saved something for me with Him.\u2019\u201d[22][166]
\nSomeone has said, \u201cI went out with a friend to the desert where we were lost. We saw a tent on the right side of the road, so we went to it and pronounced the greeting. A woman responded to our greeting and asked us who we were. We said, \u2018We have lost our way, so we came to you, feeling comfortable with you.\u2019
\nShe said, \u2018Men! Get your faces away from me till I do what you deserve.\u2019 We did. She threw a shirt to us and said, \u2018Sit on it till my son returns.\u2019 Then she kept raising a portion of the tent then putting it down till she raised it once and said, \u2018I ask Allah for the blessing of what is approaching. The camel belongs to my son, but the rider is not he.\u2019 The rider addressed the woman saying, \u2018O mother of Aqeel! May Allah greatly reward you because of your son, Aqeel.\u2019 She said, \u2018Woe on you! Has he died?\u2019
\nHe said, \u2018Yes.\u2019 She said, \u2018What was the cause of his death?\u2019 He said, \u2018Camels crowded around him and threw him into a well.\u2019 She said to him, \u2018Alight and perform the duty for these folks,\u2019 pushing a ram to him which he slaughtered and cooked. He presented food to us. We kept eating and wondering about how patient she was.
\n\u201cHaving finished eating, she came out to us and said, \u2018O folks! Is there among you one who is good at reciting something from the Book of Allah?\u2019 I said, \u2018Yes.\u2019 She said, \u2018Then recite for me verses in which I find solace for the loss of my son.\u2019 I told her that Allah Almighty says: Convey glad tidings to those who patiently persevere, those who, when afflicted with calamity, say: To Allah do we belong, and to Him is our return. They are the ones on whom Allah\\’s blessings and mercy (descend), and they are the ones who receive guidance (Qur\\’an, 2:155-57).\u2019
\nShe said, \u2018By Allah tell me, are these written like that in the Book of Allah?\u2019 I said, \u2018By Allah they are as such in the Book of Allah.\u2019 She said, \u2018Assalamo Alaikom.\u2019 She stood and offered rek\u2019ats then said, \u2018Lord! I have done what You have ordered me, so fulfill what You have promised me. Had one stayed for one\u2014it is there that I said to myself: She would say: My son would have stayed for me due to my need for him\u2014Muhammad, peace and blessings of Allah be with him and his progeny, would have stayed for his nation.\u2019
\n\u201cI came out saying this to myself: \u2018I have never seen a more perfect woman like her or more generous. She mentioned her Lord in the most perfect of His attributes and the most beautiful. Finding death unavoidable, and that fretting is futile, that weeping does not bring back a mortal, she returned to good patience, resting her hope on rewards with Allah Almighty as a treasure for the Day of want and need.\u2019\u201d[23][167]
\nAbout the same has been narrated by Ibn Abul-Dunya who has said, \u201cA man used to keep me company, then I heard that he was sick. I went to visit him, and I found him about to die. His mother, an old woman, was with him. She kept looking till his eyelids were closed, his head bandaged and his corpse was directed towards the Ka\u2019ba.
\nThen she said, \u2018May Allah have mercy on you, O son! You were kind to us, affectionate, and now Allah has granted me patience in your regard. You used to stand for long praying, you used to fast quite often; may Allah Almighty not deprive you of the mercy I hope He will show you, and may He grant us good solace.\u2019 Then she looked at me and said, \u2018O visitor of the sick! You have seen a preacher, and so have we.\u2019\u201d
\nI persevered, and perseverance always rewards well, Is impatience beneficial so I may lose my patience?
\nI persevered about that if a little of it is borne by Mountains in Ridwa, they would have cracked.
\nI suppressed my tears then sent them back, Now the heart, not the eyes, is tearful.
\n\u201cI said, \u2018O woman, what have you been so patient about?\u2019 She said, \u201cA calamity that befell me which never afflicted anyone else at all.\u2019 I asked her, \u2018What was it?\u2019 She said, \u2018I used to have two lion cubs [sons] playing before my eyes. Their father sacrificed two sheep for Eid al-Adha.
\nOne of them said to his brother, \u2018O brother! Let me show you how our father sacrificed his sheep.\u2019 He stood up, took a knife and slaughtered his brother. The killer ran away. Their father entered. I said, \u2018Your son has killed his brother then fled away.\u2019 He went out looking for him, then he found out that a lion had devoured him. The father returned but died on the way back out of thirst and hunger.\u2019\u201d
\nSomeone else narrated this same incident, adding that he saw a beautiful woman showing no signs of grief. She said, \u201cBy Allah! I know nobody who has been afflicted as I have been,\u201d and narrated the incident. He said to her, \u201cHow do you fare with impatience?\u201d She said, \u201cHad I found it helpful, I would not have preferred anything else over it, and had it lasted for me, I would have lasted for it.\u201d
\nSomeone has said that a woman was afflicted by the death of her son and she persevered. She was asked about it, so she said, \u201cI have preferred to obey Allah Almighty over obedience to Satan.\u201d
\nNotes:
\n[94] This is the meaning derived from 30:7 of the Holy Qur\\’an.
\n[95] This meaning is derived from the Holy Qur\\’an, 39:10.
\n[96] This is recorded by Ibn Majah in his Sunan, Vol. 1, pp. 555, 1745 and in Al-Sayyuti\\’s Al-Jami` Al-Saghir, Vol. 2, pp. 122, 5200 in a chapter titled “Fast is half perseverance”.
\n[97] This is narrated by As-Saduq in Al-Khisal, pp. 42, 45, by Malik in Al-Muwatta\\’, Vol. 1, pp. 58, 310, by Al-Bukhari in his Sahih, Vol. 3, p. 31 and by Ibn Majah in his Sunan, Vol. 2, pp. 1256, 3823. Ibn Al-Ather says the following in his Al-Nihaya, Vol. 1, p. 270 after mentioning this text: “Many have interpreted this tradition, saying that He did not specify fasting for His own rewards, the most Exalted One, the most Great, that He is, although all acts of adoration are for His sake and their rewards come from Him.
\nThey have stated many viewpoints about it all of which revolve round the fast being a secret between Allah and His servant with which nobody is acquainted except Him. No servant of Allah is truly fasting except if he is sincere in his desire to obey the Almighty. They have also said that acts of adoration besides fasting share the latter in the secret of obedience such as one performing his prayers without being cleansed of impurity or in a garment which is polluted with impurity and other such secrets related to acts of adoration with which only Allah and their performer are familiar.
\nThe best that I have heard in interpreting this tradition is that all acts of adoration are meant to seek nearness to Allah Almighty such as prayers, pilgrimage, charity, i`tikaf(solitude in mosque), tabattul (supplication), hadi (sacrifice ) and other types of adorations: The polytheists had performed them as they worshipped their gods and whatever they used as partners with Allah, yet nobody ever heard that a sect among the polytheists and followers of a creed worshipped their gods through fasting nor sought nearness to them through its medium, nor has fasting ever been associated with acts of worship save when it is part of Shari\u2019a (law).
\nFor this reason, the Almighty has said: “Fasting is for My sake, and I am the One Who rewards for it,” that is, “Nobody is a partner with Me in it, nor has anyone been adored through it save Me: I, therefore, am the One Who rewards for it on My own; I do not let anyone else do so be he an angel close to Me or anyone else regardless of how close he is to Me.”
\n[98] Shihab Al-Akhbar, pp. 55, 132; Ibn Abul-Hadid, Sharh Nahjul-Balagha, Vol. 1, p. 319; Al-Jami` Al-Saghir, Vol. 2, pp. 113, 5130; Al-Targhib wal Tarhib, Vol. 4, pp. 5, 277; Al-Mustadrak alal Sahihain, Vol. 2, p. 446; Al-Durr Al-Manthur, Vol. 1, p. 66 and Irshad Al-Qulub, p. 127.
\n[99] This is recorded by Al-Fayd Al-Kashani in Al-Mahajja Al-Baydaa, Vol. 7, p. 106.
\n[100] Al-Mahajja Al-Baydaa, Vol. 7, p. 107.
\n[101] See Ahmad\\’s Mustadrak, Vol. 4, pp. 309-310; Ibn Majah\\’s Sunan, Vol. 2, pp. 1003, 3015; Al-Darmi\\’s Sunan, Vol. 2, p. 59; Al-Tirmidhi\\’s Sunan, Vol. 4, pp. 282, 4058; Al-Nisa\\’i\\’s: Sunan, Vol. 5, p. 256 and Al-Mustadrak ala Al-Sahihain, Vol. 1, p. 464.
\n[102] This is narrated by Sheikh Waram in Tanbih Al-Khawatir from Imam Ali (\u0639), Vol. 1, p. 63 with minor wording variation.
\n[103] Irshad Al-Qulub, p. 137; Al-Mahajja Al-Baydaa, Vol. 7, p. 207, with minor wording differences.
\n[104] Al-Mahajja Al-Baydaa, Vol. 7, p. 107. It is also narrated with some difference in wording by Muhammad ibn Humam in Al-Tamhis, pp. 61, 137.
\n[105] Mishkat Al-Anwar, p. 20; Al-Mahajja Al-Baydaa, Vol. 7, p. 107.
\n[106] Tanbih Al-Khawatir, Vol. 1, p. 40; Al-Mahajja Al-Baydaa, Vol. 7, p. 107.
\n[107] Nahjul-Balagha, Vol. 3, pp. 30, 157 in different wording.
\n[108] Nahjul-Balagha, Vol. 3, pp. 82, 168; Al-Kafi, Vol. 2, pp. 4, 5, 72; Jami` Al-Akhbar, p. 135 with minor wording difference. It is narrated in various wordings in Al-Tamhis, p. 64, 148 and Mishkat Al-Anwar, p. 21.
\n[109] Nahjul-Balagha, Vol. 3, pp. 291, 224; Jami` Al-Akhbar, p. 136.
\n[110] Al-Durr Al-Manthur, Vol. 5, p. 323.
\n[111] Ibid., Vol. 2, p. 74.
\n[112] Kashf Al-Ghumma, Vol. 2, p. 103 with minor wording difference. It is also narrated in different wording in Al-Tusi\\’s Amali, Vol. 1, p. 100, in Fiqh Al-Rida, p. 268 and in Tanbih Al-Khawatir, Vol. 2, p. 180.
\n[113] Jami` Al-Akhbar, p. 136; Al-Jami` Al-Saghir, Vol. 2, pp. 242, 6043 and Muntakhab Kanzul-`Ummal, Vol. 1, p. 210.
\n[114] Al-Rawandi\\’s Da`awat, pp. 121, 289; Al-Mustatrif, Vol. 2, p. 70 with minor wording differences.
\n[115] Ahmad\\’s Musnad, Vol. 1, p. 307; Al-Durr Al-Manthur, Vol. 1, p. 66, and it is narrated with minor wording variation on p. 20 of Mishkat Al-Anwar.
\n[116] Al-Targhib wal Tarhib, Vol. 4, p. 373.
\n[117] This is narrated from Abu Abdullah in Al-Kafi, Vol. 2, pp. 8, 73; in Thawab Al-A`mal, pp. 1, 203 and in Mishkat Al-Anwar, p. 26 with variation in its wording.
\n[118] Ahmad, Musnad, Vol. 1, pp. 173, 177, 182; Al-Jami` Al-Saghir, Vol. 2, p. 148 with wording differences.
\n[119] Ahmad, Musnad, Vol. 3, p. 47; Al-Tirmidhi, Vol. 3, pp. 252, 2093; Al-Mustadrak, Vol. 2, p. 414; and Al-Jami` Al-Saghir, Vol. 2, pp. 496, 7911.
\n[120] Al-Kafi, Vol. 2, pp. 6, 73; Mishkat Al-Anwar, p. 21.
\n[121] Ibid., Vol. 2, pp. 7, 73.
\n[122] Ibid., Vol. 2, pp. 15, 75; Tanbih Al-Khawatir, Vol. 1, p. 40; Jami` Al-Akhbar, p. 135; Al-Jami` Al-Saghir, Vol. 2, pp. 114, 5137; Muntakhab Kanzul-`Ummal, Vol. 1, p. 208.
\n[123] Al-Kafi, Vol. 2, pp. 21, 76; Al-Khisal, pp. 130, 135; Mishkat Al-Anwar, p. 279.
\n[124] This is narrated almost similarly by As-Saduq in his Al-Faqih, Vol. 4, pp. 298, 900.
\n[125] Muslim, Sahih, Vol. 2, pp. 4, 632; Al-Targhib wal Tarhib, Vol. 4, pp. 2, 336 with minor wording variation.
\n[126] This is recorded in Bihar Al-Anwar and in Al-Targhib wal Tarhib, Vol. 4, pp. 2, 336.
\n[127] Ahmad, Musnad, Vol. 4, p. 27. Al-Majlisi, Bihar Al-Anwar, Vol. 82, p. 139.
\n[128] Al-Jami\\’ Al-Kabeer, Vol. 1, p. 265. Al-Futuhat Al-Rabbaniyya, Vol. 4, p. 124. Bihar Al-Anwar, Vol. 82, p. 141.
\n[129] Al-Jami\\’ Al-Kabeer, Vol. 1, p. 747. Bihar Al-Anwar, Vol. 82, p. 141.
\n[130] Ad-Durr Al-Manthur, Vol. 1, p. 68.
\n[131] Al-Majlisi, Bihar Al-Anwar, Vol. 82, p. 141.
\n[132] Al-Kafi, Vol. 3, p. 222.
\n[133] Ibid., Vol. 3, p. 223.
\n[134] Ibid., Vol. 3, p. 224.
\n[135] Ibid., Vol. 3, p. 225.
\n[136] Ibid., Vol. 3, p. 224.
\n[137] Ibid., Vol. 3, p. 225.
\n[138] Musbah Al-Shari\\’a, p. 486.
\n[139] Ibid., p. 487.
\n[140] Ibid., p. 489.
\n[141] Ibid., p. 497.
\n8 Ibid., p. 497.
\n[143] Musbah Al-Shari\\’a, p. 498.
\n[144] Ibid., p. 501.
\n[145] Al-Muttaqi Al-Hindi, Muntakhab Kanz Al-Ummal, Vol. 1, p. 212. Al-Majlisi, Bihar Al-Anwar, Vol. 82, p. 142.
\n[146] Kashf Al-Ghumma, Vol. 2, p. 81 narrated with a minor wording variation. Al-Majlisi, Bihar Al-Anwar, Vol. 82, p. 142.
\n[147] A text almost similar to this is recorded by Ibn Abd Rabbih in his book Al-Iqd Al-Fareed, Vol. 2, p. 136.
\n[148] Uyoon Al-Kahbar, Vol. 2, p. 313.
\n[149] A portion of this text is cited from Al-Mibrad in Al-Kamil, Vol. 1, p. 140.
\n[150] Tasattur is one of the cities of Khuzestan [now southern Iran]. This word is the Arab form of Persian “Shushtar”; refer to Al-Hamawi\\’s Mu\\’jam Al-Buldan, Vol. 2, p. 29.
\n[151] Jurjan is a great famous city between Tabaristan and Khurasan. Refer to Al-Hamawi\u2019s Mu\\’jam Al-Buldan.
\n[152] Areesh is a city in Egypt on the Mediterranean on the borders of Egypt with Syria; see Vol. 4, p. 113 of Mu\\’jam Al-Buldan.
\n[153] Al-Majlisi, Bihar Al-Anwar, Vol. 82, p. 149.
\n[154] Al-Bukhari, Sahih, Vol. 7, p. 109. Muslim, Sahih, Vol. 3, p. 1689 with some minor variation in the wording. Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Alawi, Al-Ta\u2019azi, Vol. 25, p. 52.
\n[155] Al-Bukhari, Sahih, Vol. 2, p. 104.
\n[156] Muslim, Sahih, Vol. 4, p. 1909.
\n[157] Al-Majlisi, Bihar Al-Anwar, Vol. 82, p. 150.
\n[158] Munqidh ibn Mahmoud Al-Saqqar, Dalaail Al-Nubuwwah, Vol. 6, p. 50 with some wording variation. Al-Majlisi, Bihar Al-Anwar, Vol. 82, p. 151.
\n[159] Al-Dumairi has detailed this incident in his book Hayat Al-Haywan Al-Kubra, Vol. 1, p. 247.
\n[160] Ibn Majah, Sunan, Vol. 1, p. 507; Al-Mustadrak ala Al-Sahihain, Vol. 4, p. 62.
\n[161] Ibn Hisham, Seera, Vol. 3, p. 103.
\n[162] Al-Mustadrak ala Al-Sahihain, Vol. 3, p. 197.
\n[163] Muntakhab Kanzul-Ummal, Vol. 1, p. 212 with some variation in its wording.
\n[164] Ibn Hisham, Seera, Vol. 3, p. 105. This is also narrated by Al-Waqidi in his Maghazi, Vol. 1, p. 292 with some difference in wording.
\n[165] Al-Majlisi, Bihar Al-Anwar, Vol. 82, p. 152.
\n[166] Ibid., Vol. 82, p. 152.
\n[167] Ibid., Vol. 82, p. 152.<\/h4>\n

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Arabs during the jahiliyya, who had no hope for "divine rewards", nor did they fear any divine penalty, used to urge each other to persevere, and they know the value of perseverance, shaming those who would fret, preferring forbearance, adornment with clemency, seeking magnanimity and fleeing from meekness to consolation, so much so that a man who would lose his loved one yet nobody could tell.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":9018,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7453,7770],"tags":[14928,7556],"class_list":["post-1614","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bank-of-subjects-of-articles","category-culture-and-art","tag-ancient-customs","tag-shiastudies"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/shiastudies.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1614","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/shiastudies.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/shiastudies.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/shiastudies.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/shiastudies.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1614"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/shiastudies.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1614\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/shiastudies.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9018"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/shiastudies.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1614"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/shiastudies.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1614"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/shiastudies.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1614"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}