{"id":3304,"date":"2019-09-01T10:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-09-01T09:00:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2019-11-28T09:16:47","modified_gmt":"2019-11-28T09:16:47","slug":"the-nationality-of-the-soldiers-of-imam-al-mahdi-atfs","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/shiastudies.com\/en\/3304\/the-nationality-of-the-soldiers-of-imam-al-mahdi-atfs\/","title":{"rendered":"The Nationality of the Soldiers of Imam al-Mahdi (\u2018atfs)"},"content":{"rendered":"
The Nationality of the Soldiers of Imam al-Mahdi (\u2018atfs)<\/strong><\/h5>\n

The forces of Hadrat al-Mahdi (\u2018atfs) will be composed of various nationalities. In the hadiths there are various views in this regard. Sometimes, the soldiers of the Imam (\u2018atfs) have been described as a\u2018jam\u2014interpreted as non-Arabs.
\nSome hadiths cite the names of the cities and countries from which soldiers will hasten to assist the Imam (\u2018atfs). At other times, they have mentioned particular communities (aqwam) such as the repentant from among the Children of Israel, the faithful among the Christians, and upright people to be revived in the future, who will assist the Imam (\u2018a).
\nIn this chapter, we will mention some hadiths in this regard.<\/h4>\n

1. Iranians<\/strong><\/span>
\nIt can be understood from the hadiths that a considerable number of the special soldiers in the army of al-Mahdi (\u2018atfs) would be Iranians and they have been mentioned in various ways such as the people of Rey, the people of Khurasan, the treasures of Taleqan, the Qummis, the people of Persia, etc.
\nImam al-Baqir (\u2018a) said: \u201cThe forces with black banners that will rise up from Khurasan will come to Kufah, and when Hadrat al-Mahdi (\u2018atfs) appears in Mecca, they will pay allegiance to him.\u201d[278]
\nImam al-Baqir (\u2018a) also said: \u201cThe supporters of Hadrat al-Qa\u2019im (\u2018a) will be three hundred and thirteen persons who will be from the children of the a\u2018jam (non-Arabs).\u201d[279]
\n\u2018Abdullah ibn \u2018Umar said that the Prophet (S) said: \u201cGod will give your (Muslims\u2019) power to the a\u2018jam; they are like lions that will never desert the battlefield. They will kill you (Arabs) and plunder your properties.\u201d[280]
\nHudhayfah also narrated a hadith with the same content from the Prophet (S).[281] Of course, the implication of the hadith is debatable and problematic. Based on the hadiths, a time will come when the Iranians will unsheathe their swords against the Arabs to spread Islam and make them return to Islam, and they will slay those who oppose them. The condition of the Arabs at that time will be very deplorable with difficult and unpleasant days awaiting them.
\nAlthough a\u2018jam is said to be the non-Arabs, the Iranians are definitely included. On the basis of other hadiths, both in preparing the ground for operations to be conducted prior to the advent (zuhur) and at the time of the uprising of Hadrat al-Mahdi (\u2018atfs), the Iranians will have a pivotal role and they will constitute a large number of combatants.
\nIn a sermon delivered by \u2018Ali (\u2018a) regarding the supporters of al-Mahdi (\u2018atfs) and their nationalities, the names of some Iranian cities have been mentioned.
\nAsbagh ibn Nabatah said that the Commander of the Faithful (\u2018a) delivered a sermon in which he mentioned Hadrat al-Mahdi (\u2018atfs) and his supporters who will accompany him in the uprising, saying: \u201cOne is from Ahwaz; one from Shushtar; three are from Shiraz whose names are Hafs, Ya\u2018qub and \u2018Ali; four are from Isfahan whose names are Musa, \u2018Ali, \u2018Abdullah, and Ghalfan; one from Burujerd named Qadim; one is from Nahavand named \u2018Abdur-Razzaq; three are from Hamedan[282] whose names are Ja\u2018far, Ishaq and Musa; ten are from Qum whose names are that of the Ahl al-Bayt of the Messenger of Allah (and in another hadith eighteen have been mentioned); one from Shirvan\u2019; and one is from Khurasan named Darid.
\nThere are also five whose names are that of the Companions of the Cave; one from Amul; one from Gorgan; one from Damghan; one from Sarakhs; one from Saveh; twenty four from Taleqan; two from Qazvin; one from Fars; one from Abhar; one from Ardebil; three from Maragheh; one from Khuy; one from Salmas; three from Abadan; and one from Kazerun.\u201d
\nThen, the Commander of the Faithful said: \u201cThe Noble Prophet (S) mentioned to me three hundred and thirteen persons of the supporters of al-Mahdi (\u2018atfs) equal to the number of the supporters in (the Battle of) Badr, and he said: \u2018God will bring them from both the east and the west to the precinct of the Ka\u2018bah\u2019 faster than the blink of an eye.\u201d[283]
\nAs you can observe, among the three hundred and thirteen persons constituting the special corps of Hadrat al-Mahdi (\u2018atfs)\u2014who will accompany him at the beginning of the uprising\u2014seventy two will come from the present cities of Iran. If we also take into account what has been narrated in Dala\u2019il al-Imamah[284] of Tabari and the names of cities that were in Iran at that time, the number of Iranians will become more than this.
\nIn this hadith the name of a city is sometimes mentioned twice, sometimes the names of some cities in a country, and at other times the name of the very country has been mentioned.
\nIn case the hadith has been correctly recorded, it perhaps bespeaks of the divisions and the names used at that time, thus geographical divisions in the present age cannot serve as the criteria to interpret and understand this hadith; for, the names of cities change over time; sometimes, the name of one city is used for a country at the present time or vice versa.
\nThe other point is that by collating the names of cities (mentioned in the hadith in question) with the present geographical map of the world, it can be concluded perhaps that the supporters of the Imam are scattered throughout the world and it is possible that the word \u201cafranjah\u201d mentioned in the hadith refers to the western hemisphere. If this collation and statement were correct, the hadith will become meaningful with the dictum, \u201c\u0642\u0644\u0628\u062a \u062e\u0644\u064a\u062a \u0644\u0648\u201d. It is because at no time will the earth be devoid of good men; otherwise, it will come to an end.
\nIn other hadiths, some cities have been especially mentioned. Here, we will suffice to mention some hadiths concerning the cities of Qum, Khurasan and Taleqan:<\/h4>\n

a. Qum<\/strong><\/span>
\nImam as-Sadiq (\u2018a) said: \u201cThe soil of Qum is holy\u2026 Aren\u2019t they the supporters of our Qa\u2019im and callers toward our right?\u201d[285]
\n\u2018Affan al-Basiri said that Imam as-Sadiq (\u2018a) said to him: \u201cDo you know why Qum is named \u201cQum\u201d?\u201d I replied: \u201cGod, His Messenger and you know better.\u201d He said: \u201cIt is called Qum because its inhabitants will rally behind the Qa\u2019im of Muhammad\u2019s Progeny (\u2018atfs) and rise up along with him (\u2018atfs). Along this line, they will show their perseverance and assist him (\u2018atfs).\u201d[286]<\/h4>\n

b. Khurasan<\/strong><\/span>
\nThe Commander of the Faithful (\u2018a) said that the Messenger of Allah (S) said: \u201c\u2026There are treasures in Khurasan but they are not gold and silver. Instead, they are men who will gather together on their belief in God and His Messenger.\u201d[287] Perhaps, it means that what they have in common is the correct belief in God and His Messenger, or it may mean that God will gather them one day in Mecca.<\/h4>\n

c. Taleqan<\/strong><\/span>
\nThe Commander of the Faithful (\u2018a) said: \u201cBlessed is Taleqan! It is because God has treasures there which are neither gold nor silver. Instead, they are men of faith who have really recognized God and they will be the companions of the Mahdi (Guided One) of Muhammad\u2019s Progeny (\u2018atfs) at the end of time.\u201d[288]<\/h4>\n

2. Arabs<\/strong><\/span>
\nThe hadiths related to the participation of Arabs in the uprising of Hadrat al-Mahdi (\u2018a) can be classified into two. Some indicate their lack of participation in the revolution of al-Mahdi while a number of other hadiths mention some cities in Arab countries in which there are those who will rise up to support the Imam.
\nAssuming that they are authentic, the hadiths that talk about the lack of participation of the Arabs can be justified. For, it might be possible that there will be no Arabs among the soldiers who will accompany the Imam at the beginning of the uprising. Shaykh Hurr \u2018Amili in the book, Ithbat al-Hudah, has interpreted it this way.
\nConcerning the Arab cities mentioned in the hadiths, perhaps non-Arab soldiers residing there will hasten to aid the Imam, and not those who are Arab in origin. It may also mean that it refers to Arab governments and states. Let us look at this category of hadiths: Imam as-Sadiq (\u2018a) said: \u201cKeep aloof from the Arabs for they will have a gloomy and dangerous future; isn\u2019t it that no one from among them will accompany Hadrat al-Mahdi in his uprising?\u201d[289] Shaykh Hurr \u2018Amili said: \u201cPerhaps this statement of Imam as-Sadiq (\u2018a) refers to the beginning of the Mahdi\u2019s uprising, or it alludes to their minimal participation\u2026\u201d
\nThe Messenger of Allah (S) said: \u201cGreat and noble personalities from the land of Sham will join al-Mahdi (\u2018atfs) as well as those from the various tribes and lands adjacent to Sham; they are the ones whose hearts are said to be like pieces of iron. They are worshippers at night and lions during the day.\u201d[290]
\nImam al-Baqir (\u2018a) said: \u201cThree hundred and thirteen persons, the same number as that of the supporters (Muslim soldiers) in the Battle of Badr, will pay allegiance to Hadrat al-Mahdi in between the rukn and maqam (in the Ka\u2018bah). From among them, great figures from among the people of Egypt, good men from Sham, and good men from among the people of Iraq can be seen and the Imam will rule to the extent that God would wish.\u201d[291]
\nImam al-Baqir (\u2018a) also said concerning the city of Kufah: \u201cWhen Hadrat al-Qa\u2019im appears and proceeds to Kufah, God will choose from behind Kufah (Najaf al-Ashraf) seventy thousand truthful and upright people. They will be among the supporters and companions of the Imam.\u201d[292]<\/h4>\n

3. The Followers of Various Religions<\/strong><\/span>
\nMufaddal ibn \u2018Umar reported that Imam as-Sadiq (\u2018a) said: \u201cDuring the advent of the Qa\u2019im of Muhammad\u2019s Progeny (\u2018a), some people will come from behind the Ka\u2018bah such as the twenty seven persons from the community (qawm) of Musa (Moses)\u2014those who rightfully give judgment; the seven persons from the Companions of the Cave; Yusha\u2018 the executor of Musa\u2019s will (wasi) (Joshua); the believer from the family of Pharaoh; Salman al-Farsi; Abu Dujanah al-Ansari;[293] and Malik al-Ashtar.\u201d[294]
\nImam as-Sadiq (\u2018a) said: \u201cThe souls of the believers can see the Progeny of Muhammad (\u2018a) in the mountains of Radawi, partake of their food, drink their beverages, participate in their assemblies, and talk with them until such time that the Qa\u2019im from among us, the Ahl al-Bayt, rises up. At that time, God will incite them; they will accept the call of the Imam in large groups and accompany him. During that time, those who possess false beliefs will fall into doubt and skepticism, and the groups, parties, and claimants to fellowships and partisanships will disintegrate while those who are near to God (muqarrabin) (and the believers) will attain salvation.\u201d[295]
\nIbn Jarih reported: \u201cI have heard that when the twelve tribes of the Children of Israel killed their prophets and turned infidels, one tribe regretted doing such an act and was disgusted with it; they asked God to separate them from the rest of the tribes. God opened a tunnel underground in which they travelled for the period of one year and a half until they came out behind the land of China, and up to now they are still there. They are Muslims and they face our Qiblah.\u201d[296]
\nSome say that on the night of the ascension (mi\u2018raj), Jibra\u2019il brought the Noble Prophet (S) to them, and the Prophet (S) read for them ten Meccan chapters (suwar) of the Qur\u2019an. They were convinced and acknowledged his prophetic mission. The Prophet (S) ordered them to stay there, abandon work on Saturday (which is the Sabbath day for the Jews), establish prayer, and give the poor-rate (zakat). They accepted it and performed these duties.[297] And the other obligations had not been made incumbent upon them.
\nIbn \u2018Abbas said: \u201cIn the exegesis of the blessed verse (ayah):
\n\ufd3f
\n\u0648\u064e\u0642\u064f\u0644\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0627 \u0645\u0650\u0646 \u0628\u064e\u0639\u0652\u062f\u0650\u0647\u0650 \u0644\u0650\u0628\u064e\u0646\u0650\u064a \u0625\u0650\u0633\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0627\u0626\u0650\u064a\u0644\u064e \u0627\u0633\u0652\u0643\u064f\u0646\u064f\u0648\u0627\u0652 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064e\u0631\u0652\u0636\u064e \u0641\u064e\u0625\u0650\u0630\u064e\u0627 \u062c\u064e\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u064e\u0639\u0652\u062f\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0650\u0631\u064e\u0629\u0650 \u062c\u0650\u0626\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0627 \u0628\u0650\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0644\u064e\u0641\u0650\u064a\u0641\u064b\u0627<\/strong><\/span>
\n\ufd3e
\n\u201cAfter him We said to the Children of Israel, \u2018Take up residence in the land, and when the occasion of the other (promise) comes, We shall gather you in mixed company,\u201d[298]
\nIt is said that the \u201cpromise in the end\u201d (wa\u2018dah al-akhirah) refers to the advent of Hadrat \u2018Isa (\u2018a) who, along with the Children of Israel, will rise up. Our companions, however, have narrated that they will rise with the Qa\u2019im of Muhammad\u2019s Progeny (\u2018a).\u201d[299]
\nOn the exegesis of the noble verse, \u201cAmong the people of Moses is a nation who guide (the people) by the truth and do justice thereby,\u201d[300] the late Majlisi said: \u201cThere is a difference of opinions as to who constitute this ummah.\u201d
\nOthers such as Ibn \u2018Abbas say: \u201cThey are a community that lives beyond China. Their land has been largely separated from China by a desert full of sand. They will never make any changes in the law of God.\u201d[301]
\nIn describing them, Imam al-Baqir (\u2018a) said: \u201cThey do not regard property as exclusive to them unless their brethren in faith are treated as partners to it. They also rest at night and are awake in the day, and are engaged in agriculture. But none of us (people) could go to their land and none of them will come to us (people), and they are on the right path.\u201d[302]
\nConcerning the noble verse,
\n\ufd3f
\n\u0648\u064e\u0645\u0650\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0630\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e \u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064f\u0648\u0627\u0652 \u0625\u0650\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0627 \u0646\u064e\u0635\u064e\u0627\u0631\u064e\u0649 \u0623\u064e\u062e\u064e\u0630\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0627 \u0645\u0650\u064a\u062b\u064e\u0627\u0642\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0641\u064e\u0646\u064e\u0633\u064f\u0648\u0627\u0652 \u062d\u064e\u0638\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0651\u0650\u0645\u0651\u064e\u0627 \u0630\u064f\u0643\u0651\u0650\u0631\u064f\u0648\u0627\u0652 \u0628\u0650\u0647\u0650<\/strong><\/span>
\n\ufd3e
\n\u201cAlso from those who say, \u2018We are Christians,\u2019 We took their pledge; but they forgot a part of what they were reminded,\u201d[303]
\nImam as-Sadiq (\u2018a) said: \u201cThe Christians will be reminded of this path and rule, and a group from them will accompany Hadrat al-Qa\u2019im (\u2018atfs).\u201d[304]<\/h4>\n

4. Jabalqa and Jabarsa<\/strong><\/span>
\nImam as-Sadiq (\u2018a) said: \u201cGod has a city called Jabalqa in the eastern hemisphere having twelve gates of gold. The distance of one gate to another is one farsang (6 kilometers). There is a tower in each of the gates that can accommodate an army of twelve thousand men.
\nTheir equipment, weapons and swords have been ready and they are waiting for the advent of Hadrat al-Qa\u2019im. God has also a city called Jabarsa in the western hemisphere (with the same features), and I am the proof of Allah for them.\u201d[305]
\nThere are numerous other hadiths about the other cities and lands in the world whose inhabitants never commit sins against God. For further information, refer to volume 54 of the book, Bihar al-Anwar.
\nIt can be understood from the hadiths as a whole that Hadrat al-Mahdi (\u2018atfs) has armies and bases on standby, which at the time of his advent, will participate in combat. From some other hadiths, however, it can be understood that they have passed away a long time ago and in order to assist the Imam, God will revive them and let them return to the world.[306]
\nImam as-Sadiq (\u2018a) said: \u201cNajm ibn A\u2018yun is among those who will engage in jihad after their raj\u2018ah (return to life).\u201d[307] He also said regarding Hamran and Maysar: \u201cIt is as if I can see Hamran ibn A\u2018in and Maysar ibn \u2018Abdul-\u2018Aziz holding swords and delivering sermons to the people (\u201c\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u064a\u062e\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0646\u201d) between Safa[308] and Marwah[309] (in Mecca).\u201d[310]
\nIn Mu\u2018jam ar-Rijal al-Hadith, the late Ayatullah al-\u2018Uzma Sayyid Abu\u2019l-Qasim al-Khu\u2019i interprets \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u064a\u062e\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0646\u201d as \u201cstriking the people with the sword\u201d.
\nSimilarly, Imam as-Sadiq (\u2018a) looked at Dawud Raqi[311] and said: \u201cAnyone who wants to see a man from among the supporters of Hadrat al-Qa\u2019im should look at this man (i.e., this man is among the supporters of al-Mahdi who will return to life again).\u201d[312]<\/h4>\n

The Number of Soldiers<\/strong><\/span>
\nRegarding the number of the soldiers and supporters of the Imam of the Time (\u2018atfs), there are various hadiths available. Some hadiths say that their number is three hundred and thirteen while others say ten thousand and more. It is necessary here to highlight two points:
\n1. The three hundred and thirteen persons\u2014as mentioned in the hadiths\u2014are the special forces that will be in the company of the Imam at the beginning of the uprising. They will be the administrators of the global government of the Imam of the Time (\u2018a). As the late Arbeli has stated in Kashf an-Ni\u2018mah: \u201cFrom this hadith (regarding ten thousand persons), it can be deduced that the number of supporters of the Imam cannot be limited to three hundred and thirteen, for it is only the number of supporters who will be in the company of the Imam at the beginning of the uprising.\u201d
\n2. The number, four thousand, ten thousand, etc. which has been mentioned in some hadiths, is not the total number of the military forces of the Mahdi (\u2018a). Instead\u2014as can also be deduced from the hadiths\u2014each of these figures indicates the number of forces who will participate in the uprising at a particular juncture of the Imam\u2019s advent or in a particular battle in a certain part of the world. Perhaps, there are other issues we do not know, which will be clarified with the advent of the Imam (\u2018atfs).<\/h4>\n

1. Special Forces<\/strong><\/span>
\nYunus ibn Zibyan said: \u201cI was in the company of Imam as-Sadiq (\u2018a) when he mentioned the name of one of the supporters of Hadrat al-Qa\u2019im and said: \u201cThey are three hundred and thirteen persons and each of them sees himself as being among the three hundred persons.\u201d[313]
\nAs the Imam (\u2018a) said that \u201cEach of them sees himself as being among the three hundred,\u201d there are two probabilities that can be entertained in this regard:
\n(1) that the physical strength of each of them would be equivalent to that of three hundred persons just as the strength of one of the believers at that time would be equivalent to that of forty men; and
\n(2) that each of them would have three hundred forces and sees himself among three hundred forces under his command.
\nTherefore, they will probably be commanders of approximately three hundred soldiers. It is equally probable that it only means what it literally says. That is, each of them regards himself part of that number as some have said.
\nImam Zayn al-\u2018Abidin (\u2018a) said: \u201cThose who will disappear from their locations in order to assist Imam al-Qa\u2019im (\u2018atfs) are three hundred and thirteen\u2014equal to that of Badr\u2014who will gather together in Mecca in the morning of the following day.\u201d[314]
\nImam al-Jawad (\u2018a) said that the Messenger of Allah (S) said: \u201cThe Imam of the Time (\u2018a) will appear in the land of Tuhamah (Mecca). He has treasures that are not gold and silver, but powerful horses and illustrious men who are equal in number to that of the Companions in Badr. They are three hundred and thirteen from different parts of the world who will come to rally around him.
\nThere is a sealed book in his possession in which the number of his supporters has been written along with their names, cities, races, characteristics, and epithets. They will all be under the command of al-Mahdi (\u2018atfs).\u201d[315]
\nThe Messenger of Allah (S) said: \u201cThe people will gather around him like birds until they reach three hundred and fourteen persons\u2014some of whom will be women, and the Imam will prevail over any tyrant and son of a tyrant, and justice will be as the people would wish. I wish the dead among them were among the living and benefit from justice!\u201d[316]
\nImam al-Baqir (\u2018a) said: \u201cHadrat al-Mahdi (\u2018atfs) will appear with three hundred and thirteen persons\u2014equal to the number of Companions in Badr\u2014without any prior notice and arrangement. This is when they would have been scattered like an autumn cloud. They are lions in the day and worshippers at the night.\u201d[317]
\nIban ibn Taghlub said that Imam as-Sadiq (\u2018a) said: \u201cThree hundred and thirteen persons will soon come to your mosque (Mecca). The people of Mecca know that these persons are not related to their fathers and forefathers (and are not among the people of Mecca). Each of them has a sword on which a word is inscribed from which thousands of words (problems) can be unravelled and solved.\u201d[318]
\nIn some hadiths, the names of some of them have been mentioned of which it shall suffice to quote two hadiths: Imam as-Sadiq (\u2018a) said to Mufaddal ibn \u2018Umar, one of his companions: \u201cYou and forty four other men are among the supporters and companions of Hadrat al-Qa\u2019im.\u201d[319]
\nPerhaps, what is meant by \u201cforty four\u201d is the number from among the companions of Imam as-Sadiq (\u2018a).
\nThe Imam also said: \u201cDuring the advent of the Qa\u2019im from Muhammad\u2019s Progeny (\u2018a), twenty seven persons will come out from behind the Ka\u2018bah and twenty five persons from the community (qawm) of Musa (Moses); those who were judges that were always on the path of truth and justice; the seven persons from the Companions of the Cave; Yusha\u2018 the executor of Musa\u2019s will (wasi) (Joshua); the believer from the family of Pharaoh; Salman al-Farsi; Abu Dujanah al-Ansari;[320] and Malik al-Ashtar will return to the world.\u201d[321] In some hadiths Miqdad ibn Aswad has also been mentioned.
\nBased on the hadiths, the angels who move things from place to place will transfer the good among the dead to holy places such as the House of God (Ka\u2018bah).[322] Therefore, these persons are perhaps those whose bodies will be transferred near the Ka\u2018bah and their raj\u2018ah or return to life will take place right there. Based on other reports, this place is behind the city of Kufah, i.e. Najaf al-Ashraf, which again will render the meaning of the hadith correct; for their bodies will be transferred there, i.e. Najaf al-Ashraf.
\nIt is worthy of note that these individuals have experience in struggle in the political and military arenas against the taghutis[323] of their time, particularly Salman al-Farsi, Abu Dujanah, Malik al-Ashtar, and Miqdad ibn al-Aswad who had participated in the wars during the early period of Islam and had demonstrated their own acts of bravery. Some of them have also experience in leadership and command.
\nSource:<\/strong><\/span>
\nAn Overview of Imam al-Mahdi\u2019s (atfs) Government
\nBy: Ayatullah Najmuddin Tabasi<\/span><\/h4>\n

Notes:<\/strong><\/span>
\n[278] Ibn Hammad, Fitan, p. 85; \u2018Aqd ad-Darar, p. 129; Al-Hawi Li\u2019l-Fatawa, vol. 2, p. 69.
\n[279] Nu\u2018mani, Ghaybah, p. 315; Ithbat al-Hudah, vol. 3, p. 547; Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 52, p. 369.
\n[280] Firdaws al-Akhbar, vol. 5, p. 366.
\n[281] \u2018Abdur-Razzaq, Musannif, vol. 11, p. 385; Al-Mu\u2018jam al-Kabir, vol. 7, p. 268; Hilyah al-Awliya\u2019, vol. 3, p. 24; Firdaws al-Akhbar, vol. 5, p. 445.
\n[282] Probably it refers to the Arab tribe of Hamdan.
\n[283] Ibn Tawus, Malahim, p. 146.
\n[284] Dala\u2019il al-Imamah, p. 316.
\n[285] Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 60, p. 218.
\n[286] Ibid., p. 216.
\n[287] Ibn Tawus, Malahim, p. 147; Rawdah al-Wa\u2018izin, p. 310; Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 52, p. 304.
\n[288] Shafi\u2018i, Bayan, p. 106; Muttaqi Hindi, Burhan, p. 150; Kanz al-\u2018Ummal, vol. 14, p. 591; Yanabi\u2018 al-Mawaddah, p. 491; Kashf al-Ghammah, vol. 3, p. 268.
\n[289] Shaykh at-Tusi, Ghaybah, p. 284; Ithbat al-Hudah, vol. 3, p. 517; Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 52, p. 333.
\n[290] Ibn Tawus, Malahim, p. 142; Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 52, p. 304.
\n[291] Shaykh at-Tusi, Ghaybah (new edition), p. 477; Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 52, p. 334; Ithbat al-Hudah, vol. 3, p. 518.
\n[292] Ibn Tawus, Malahim, p. 43; Yanabi\u2018 al-Mawaddah, vol. 2, p. 435; Ash-Shi\u2018ah wa\u2019r-Raj\u2018ah, vol. 1, p. 456.
\n[293] His name is Sammak ibn Kharshah Ansari. The late Mamqani said concerning him: \u201cI regard him as Hasan al-Hal\u2026\u201d See Tanqih al-Maqal, vol. 2, p. 68.
\n[294] Rawdah al-Wa\u2018izin, vol. 2, p. 266; Ithbat al-Hudah, vol. 3, p. 55.
\n[295] Al-Kafi, vol. 3, p. 131; Al-Iqaz, p. 290; Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 27, p. 308.
\n[296] Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 54, p. 316.
\nQiblah: the direction where the Muslims face in times of prayer and other acts, which is the Ka\u2018bah in Mecca. (Trans.)
\n[297] Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 54, p. 316.
\n[298] Surah al-Isra\u2019 (or Bani Isra\u2019il) 17:104.
\n[299] Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 54, p. 316.
\n[300] Surah al-A\u2018raf 7:159.
\n[301] Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 54, p. 316.
\n[302] Ibid.
\n[303] Surah al-Ma\u2019idah 5:14.
\n[304] Al-Kafi, vol. 5, p. 352; At-Tahdhib, vol. 7, p. 405; Wasa\u2019il ash-Shi\u2018ah, vol. 14, p. 56; Nur ath-Thaqalayn, vol. 1, p. 601; Tafsir Burhan, vol. 1, p. 454; Yanabi\u2018 al-Mawaddah, p. 422.
\n[305] Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 54, p. 334; vol. 26, p. 47.
\n[306] The Shi\u2018ah believe that in this very world and after the advent of Hadrat al-Mahdi (\u2018atfs), the Infallible Imams and a group of the believers as well as a group of the infidels will be revived and return again to the world. There are tens of hadiths in this regard. My father, the late Ayatullah Shaykh Muhammad Rida Tabasi Najafi (r) has discussed it in detail in the second volume of the book, Ash-Shi\u2018ah wa\u2019r-Raj\u2018ah (Najaf, 1385 AH). Recently, this book has been translated into Persian by Hujjat al-Islam Shaykh Mir Shavalad and published as Setareh-ye Derakhshan (Brilliant Star). Fifteen years ago, by making use of the writings and words of my late father, I have also published a relevant lecture note.
\n[307] Al-Ayqaz min al-Haj\u2018ah, p. 269.
\n[308] Safa: a hill in Mecca which is an extension of Abu Qubays Mountain to the east of the Masjid al-Haram. Traversing the distance between this place and Marwah (another place in Mecca) is another devotional hajj rite and is termed sa\u2018i (literally: effort, trial, attempt). (Trans.)
\n[309] Marwah: a hill located between the east and the southeast of Mecca, north of Safa. (Trans.)
\n[310] Kashi, Rijal, p. 402; Al-Khulasah, p. 98; Qahba\u2019i, Rijal, vol. 2, p. 289; Al-Ayqaz min al-Haj\u2018ah, p. 284; Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 54, p. 4; Mu\u2018jam Rijal al-Hadith, vol. 6, p. 259.
\n[311] Regarding the reliability of Dawud Raqi, the \u2018ulama\u2019 of rijal have extensive discussions. Some have considered this hadith as \u201cweak\u201d (da\u2018if) while others treated it reliable (mu\u2019aththaq). Another hadith has been reported from Imam as-Sadiq (\u2018a) as he has said: \u201cThe station and position of Dawud to me is that of Miqdad to the Prophet (S).\u201d Tanqih al-Maqal, vol. 2, p. 414.
\n[312] Al-Ayqaz min al-Haj\u2018ah, p. 264.
\n[313] Dala\u2019il al-Imamah, p. 320; Al-Muhajjah, p. 46.
\n[314] Kamaluddin, vol. 2, p. 654; \u2018Ayyashi, Tafsir \u2018Ayyashi, vol. 2, p. 56; Nur ath-Thaqalayn, vol. 1, p. 139; vol. 4, p. 94; Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 52, p. 323.
\n[315] \u2018Uyun Akhbar ar-Rida, vol. 1, p. 59; Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 52, p. 310.
\n[316] Majma\u2018 az-Zawa\u2019id, vol. 7, p. 315.
\n[317] Ibn Tawus, Malahim, p. 64; Al-Fatawa al-Hadithiyyah, p. 31.
\n[318] Kamaluddin, vol. 2, p. 671; Basa\u2019ir ad-Darajat, p. 311; Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 52, p. 286.
\n[319] Dala\u2019il al-Imamah, p. 248; Ithbat al-Hudah, vol. 3, p. 573.
\n[320] His name is Samak ibn Khurshah Ansari. The late Mamqani said concerning him: \u201cI regard him as Hasan al-Hal\u2026\u201d See Tanqih al-Maqal, vol. 2, p. 68.
\n[321] Rawdah al-Wa\u2018izin, p. 266; Ithbat al-Hudah, vol. 3, p. 55.
\n[322] Durar al-Akhbar, vol. 1, p. 258.
\n[323] The term taghut applies to any idol, object, or individual that prevents men from doing what is good, and leads them astray. The term has been used eight times in the Qur\u2019an. Prior to Islam, taghut had been the name of the one of the idols of the Quraysh tribe. This name is used also to mean Satan. Moreover, the term is used to indicate one who rebels against lofty values, or who surpasses all bounds in his despotism and tyranny and claims the prerogatives of divinity for himself whether explicitly or implicitly. (Trans.)
\n<\/span><\/h4>\n

shiastudies.com<\/a><\/p>\n

The Nationality of the Soldiers of Imam al-Mahdi (\u2018atfs)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The forces of Hadrat al-Mahdi (‘atfs) will be composed of various nationalities. In the hadiths there are various views in this regard. Sometimes, the soldiers of the Imam (‘atfs) have been described as a‘jam—interpreted as non-Arabs.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7453,7764],"tags":[12483,7556],"class_list":["post-3304","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bank-of-subjects-of-articles","category-mahdism","tag-imam-al-mahdi-atfs","tag-shiastudies"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/shiastudies.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3304","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/shiastudies.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/shiastudies.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/shiastudies.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/shiastudies.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3304"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/shiastudies.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3304\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/shiastudies.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3304"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/shiastudies.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3304"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/shiastudies.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3304"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}