{"id":4123,"date":"2019-08-27T10:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-08-27T09:00:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2019-09-21T11:16:16","modified_gmt":"2019-09-21T10:16:16","slug":"a-review-of-the-most-important-events-during-the-imamate-of-imam-al-rezaa-s","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/shiastudies.com\/en\/4123\/a-review-of-the-most-important-events-during-the-imamate-of-imam-al-rezaa-s\/","title":{"rendered":"A Review of the most Important Events during the Imamate of Imam al-Reza(A.S.)"},"content":{"rendered":"

In 186\/799, Imam M\u016bs\u0101 b. Ja\u2018far (A.S.) was martyred.
\nIn 184\/800, Ahmad son of H\u0101r\u016bn al-Rash\u012bd known as Al-Sabt\u012b, who practiced asceticism in the world and was engaged in worship, passed away.
\nIn 187\/803, Fudayl b. \u2018Ay\u0101d, the ascetic mystic Sufi, died in Mecca. He was famous for his piety and worship. In his early years, Fudayl was an infamous highway robber; he would prowl in the night for victims on the road from Abiward to Sarakhs. Between these two cities was a small village in which lived a girl that Fudayl was in love with. One night, out of desperation to be with her, Fudayl climbed the wall of her home. As he was climbing over it, he heard a voice recite: \ufd3e Is it not time yet for those who have faith that their hearts should be humbled for Allah\\’s remembrance? \ufd3f (Qur\u2019an: 57\/16)
\nAt that moment, Fu\u1e0dayl answered, “O my Lord, the time has indeed come.” He returned from where he came and sought refuge near a traveling party on the main road. They were busy engaging in a serious discussion. Fudayl heard one of them say, “Let us continue our journey now.” Another answered, “No, not until the morning, for Fu\u1e0dayl is lurking on the road somewhere out there, just waiting to rob us.”
\nHaving heard the entire conversation, Fudayl thought to him, “I go around in the night to sin, while a group of Muslims remain here because they fear me. Indeed I feel that Allah has brought me here to them only so that I can reform my character. O Allah, I indeed repent to you…\u201d
\nIn 188\/803, \u2018Al\u012b b. Hamza, known as Kas\u0101\u2019\u012b, who is renowned in science of syntax, philology, and reading [the Qur\u2019\u0101n] and Muhammad b. \u1e24asan Shayb\u0101n\u012b, the Hanafite jurist, who accompanied H\u0101r\u016bn in his journey to \u1e6c\u016bs, both died in Rey, and H\u0101r\u016bn said about them: \u201cWe buried jurisprudence and Arabic [language] in Rey.\u201d
\nAccording to some traditions, the eulogist of the Ahl al-Bayt (A.S.) and their accomplished poet, Ism\u0101\u2018\u012bl b. Muhammad,renowned as Sayyid Humayr\u012b died in the time of H\u0101r\u016bn al-Rash\u012bd. However, it is implied from the ah\u0101d\u012bth and traditions that he passed away in the time of Imam al-Sadiq (A.S.). He made assiduous attempts in dissemination of the virtues of the Ahl al-Bayt (A.S.) to the extent that no one among the companions of the Imams (A.S.) surpassed him in promulgation of Commander of the Faithful and the Ahl al-Bayt (A.S.). He said in Kun\u0101sa (a neighborhood of) K\u016bfa: \u201cWhoever relates a virtue of \u2018Al\u012b (A.S.) for which I have not composed a poem, I will give him this horse with all the things on it. The transmitters of \u1e25ad\u012bth related \u1e25ad\u012bth and Sayyid recited his poems on the related subjects until a man related a virtue, about which Sayyid had not said any poems. He fulfilled his promise, and then composed a poem for that virtue.
\nIn the reign of H\u0101r\u016bn a large number of the Alawis and T\u0101lib\u012bs were killed as martyrs whose names and date of martyrdom were not registered due their great number, including Idr\u012bs b. \u2018Abd All\u0101h b. al-Hasan al-Muthann\u0101 who had a vast rule in Egypt and Africa and was cunningly poisoned by H\u0101r\u016bn. Similarly, some S\u0101d\u0101t such as Ya\u1e25y\u0101 b. \u2018Abd All\u0101h b. al-Hasan al-Muthann\u0101 and his son Muhammad b. Muthann\u0101, and Husayn b. \u2018Abd All\u0101h b. Ism\u0101\u2019\u012bl, a descendent of Ja\u2018far Tayy\u0101r, who was killed due to the wounds of scourge; or \u2018Abb\u0101s b. Muhammad, a descendent of Imam al-Sajj\u0101d (A.S.), who was clubbed to death by the cursed H\u0101r\u016bn who called him the son of an adulterous woman and he retorted that H\u0101r\u016bn\u2019s mother was indeed adulterous because she had been a slave girl with whom the slave dealers had adulterous liaison. H\u0101r\u016bn got furiously angry and clubbed him to death.
\nAll in all, a great number of Alawis were murdered during the rule of H\u0101r\u016bn and the story of Humayd b. Qahtaba and the killing of sixty of the S\u0101d\u0101t in one night are recorded in history.
\nIn 189\/804, the prosperity star of the Barmakids, who had been given the authority to run the state, began to die out, and they were wiped out by H\u0101r\u016bn, with their condemnatory story being recorded in history as a lesson for others. Ma\u2019m\u016bn carried out this plot so cunningly that Ja\u2018far b. Ya\u1e25y\u0101 Barmak\u012b who was Ma\u2019m\u016bn\u2019s brother-in-law and very close and dear to him did not have the slightest idea of what would happen until the night that H\u0101r\u016bn ordered his agent to murder him. When H\u0101r\u016bn\u2019s agent went to his house for executing the order, he (Ja\u2018far) told him: \u201cMa\u2019m\u016bn makes such jokes with me a lot.\u201d Finally, it was arranged for him to be taken to the back part of the H\u0101r\u016bn\u2019s tent and to ask H\u0101r\u016bn\u2019s view again about his murder. When he directly heard the order of his murder, he tied his own handkerchief over his eyes and was beheaded. Surprisingly enough, H\u0101r\u016bn told the agent who had beheaded Ja\u2018far to summon such and such persons, and when they came in, he told them: \u201cBehead the agent, as I cannot tolerate to see Ja\u2018far\u2019s murderer.
\nOn Saturday 3 Jam\u0101d\u012b II 193\/24 March 809, H\u0101r\u016bn died in \u1e6c\u016bs. He ruled as a caliph for 23 years and a few months. He was four months past 44 years old when he died and was buried in the same place that the Holy Shrine of Imam al-Reza(A.S.) is located now, about which his holiness had frequently informed. Sometimes he would say: \u201cYou will bury me with him in the same room.\u201d At other times he would say: \u201cT\u016bs city will fill the gap between us.\u201d Yet at other times he would say: \u201cI and H\u0101r\u016bn would be like these two\u2026,\u201d joining his middle and index fingers together.
\nIn this respect, Di\\’bil has some poems the gist of which is as follows: \u201cThere are two graves in \u1e6c\u016bs, one for the best of the people and the other for the worst of them; and this in itself is an admonitory lesson; neither that impure will benefit from that pure one, nor will this pure be harmed by this impure.
\nOn Thursday 15 Jam\u0101d\u012b II 193\/5 April 809, allegiance was secured for Muhammad Am\u012bn, H\u0101r\u016bn\u2019s son, who was his heir and was in Baghdad when his father died. His mother, Zubayda, daughter of Ja\u2018far b. Ab\u012b Ja\\’far Mans\u016br, was among the noble ladies of the Abbasids. Her monuments, including the construction or the reconstruction of the city of Tabriz and some wells on the way to Mecca, are famous. She had one hundred female slaves who knew the Qur\u2019\u0101n by heart. The sound of the Qur\u2019\u0101n recitation was heard in her palace like the sound of the bees. She died in Baghdad in 216\/831.
\nQ\u0101\u1e0d\u012b N\u016br All\u0101h has related in his Maj\u0101lis al-Mu\u2019min\u012bn that Zubayda was a devoted Sh\u012b\u2018a, and when H\u0101r\u016bn found out about her staunch belief, he divorced her and sent her the bill of divorce. Zubayda wrote on the back of the bill: \u201cI am thankful to God for the previous situation, and now that we are separated I am not regretful.\u201d
\nEighteen nights had passed since Muhammad Am\u012bn\u2019s rule when he decided to break his covenant and to dethrone Ma\u2018m\u016bn who was introduced as his father\u2019s successor during the latter\u2019s reign and to make his son, M\u016bs\u0101 N\u0101tiq, the caliph. He consulted the viziers and commanders, but no one except \u2018Al\u012b b. \u2018\u012as\u0101 b. M\u0101h\u0101n deemed it advisable.
\nAm\u012bn proceeded to dethrone Ma\u2019m\u016bn and sent a massive army under the command of \u2018Al\u012b b. \u2018\u012as\u0101 to fight against Ma\u2019m\u016bn in Khurasan. Ma\u2019m\u016bn, in turn, dispatched four thousand troops under the commandment of T\u0101hir b. Husayn to fight back and the two armies met in battle near Rey. Being proud of the great number of his troops and having failed to act with foresightedness, the commander of Am\u012bn\u2019s army was defeated and killed by Ma\u2019m\u016bn\u2019s troops. After this victory, Ma\u2019m\u016bn deposed his brother Am\u012bn and dispatched T\u0101hir b. al-Husayn to Baghdad along with Harthamat b. A\u2018yan. After fighting for a while and besiege of Baghdad, the people of Baghdad became exhausted and withdrew from Am\u012bn. Also, T\u0101hir made dignitaries inclined towards Ma\u2019m\u016bn by promising gold and silver to them, and they, in turn, dethroned Am\u012bn. Then, Harthama granted safe-conduct to Am\u012bn and they met in a small boat; he did much honor to the latter but T\u0101hir sent a group of agents to arrest Am\u012bn. They both jumped into the water and the boat got drowned. Harthama and Am\u012bn swam away and rescued themselves; however, Am\u012bn swam to a spot where T\u0101hir\u2019s troops were stationed. They arrested Am\u012bn and before he could meet T\u0101hir, they killed him on the latter\u2019s order. This event took place on Saturday night, Muharram 25, 198\/September 25, 813.
\nAm\u012bn was killed on Mu\u1e25arram 25, 198, at the age of 33. His caliphate lasted about five years and since he was constantly indulged in feasting and drinking, debauchery, and playing and diversion, and as for a time he was sieged by and engaged in war with Ma\u2019m\u016bn\u2019s army, he made no objection to the children of Ab\u016b T\u0101lib (i.e., descendants of Imam \u2018Al\u012b (A.S.) and therefore no accident befell them.
\nIn 198\/813, upon the killing of Am\u012bn, people of Baghdad swore allegiance to Ma\u2019m\u016bn.
\nIn the same year, Ma\u2019m\u016bn dismissed his brother Q\u0101sim b. Rash\u012bd from heir apparency.
\nIn 199\/814, Ab\u016b al-Sar\u0101y\u0101 Serr\u012b b. Mans\u016br Shayb\u0101n\u012b, who was brave and skilful in battle, rebelled in K\u016bfa and called people to swear allegiance to Muhammad b. Ibr\u0101h\u012bm (Ibn Tab\u0101tab\u0101) and all the K\u016bfans swore allegiance to him.
\nMuhammad thrived in his role as a commander, frequently defeating the caliph\u2019s troops, until he died and the people swore allegiance to Muhammad b. Muhammad b. Zayd b. \u2018Al\u012b b. al-Husayn and he sent his own governors around.
\nEventually, Hasan b. Sahl (brother of Fadl, Ma\u2019m\u016bn\u2019s vizier) dispatched Harthama to fend him off. He left for K\u016bfa with thirty thousand troops. A bloody war broke out between the armies of Harthama and Ab\u016b al-Sar\u0101y\u0101 and Harthama\u2019s army was defeated. However, despite Ab\u016b al-Sar\u0101y\u0101\u2019s warning concerning the ambush by Harthama\u2019s troops while being chased, his troops were ambushed by five thousand troops of the latter\u2019s army and once again a battle broke out and Harthama, who had been captivated, was freed. He deceitfully approached the K\u016bfans by suggesting: \u201cIf you wish the rule to get out of the hands of the Abbasids, wait until Monday so that we may talk together; whoever is chosen, we will swear allegiance to him.\u201d This trick worked and the K\u016bfan army gave up the war, ignoring Ab\u016b al-Sar\u0101y\u0101 who was repeatedly shouting: \u201cThis is a deceit and they are losing the war; our victory is near; go on fighting.\u201d The K\u016bfans did not take any actions. Finally, he angrily quit the war and gave a lecture on Friday, calling all of them the killers of \u2018Al\u012b (A.S.) and deserters of Husayn(A.S.) and bitterly reproached them for their disloyalty. Although a group of them became zealous and wanted to take action, but he did not consent and left K\u016bfa along with some others on Sunday night, Mu\u1e25arram 13th.
\nOn the other hand, K\u016bfa dignitaries asked Harthama for safe-conduct (am\u0101n) for the people and he granted it. When the situation calmed down, Harthama went to Baghdad and finally Ab\u016b al-Sar\u0101y\u0101 surrendered with safe-conduct and was sent to Hasan b. Sahl, but he killed Ab\u016b al-Sar\u0101y\u0101 for his brother\u2019s murder, hanging his head on Western side and his body on the Eastern side of the city.
\nIn 200\/815, Ma\u2019m\u016bn commanded to collect statistics of the Abbasid dynasty, whose number amounted to 33,000.
\nIn the same year, the Abbasid Ma\u2019m\u016bn dispatched his chief attendant, Raj\u0101 b. Ab\u012b Dahh\u0101k, to Medina to respectfully bring the Imam (A.S.) to Marv. In 201\/816, the heir apparency of Imam al-Reza(A.S.) was celebrated in a great ceremony in which the dignitaries, nobles, S\u0101d\u0101t, and scholars were gathered. First of all, Ma\u2019m\u016bn ordered his son, \u2018Abb\u0101s, to swear allegiance to his holiness; then, other people swore allegiance and he gave them many prizes and rewards and the orators and poets recited many lyric poems. Ma\u2019m\u016bn, then, ordered the Abbasids to take out the black garments they used to wear and put on green clothes, instead.
\nIn 201\/816, Hadrat F\u0101tima Ma\u2018s\u016bma, daughter of Imam M\u016bs\u0101 b. Ja\u2018far, set off from Medina to see her brother, Imam al-Reza(A.S.) in Marv. She got sick in S\u0101va and inquired how far it was to Qum. She was told it was ten parasangs. She told her attendant to take her to Qum. More accurately, the Sa\u2018d family came to her and asked her to go to Qum. M\u016bs\u0101 b. Khazraj, took her camel\u2019s halter, led it into Qum, and lodged her in his house. Her highness stayed in Qum for seventeen days and then passed away. She was buried where her mausoleum is now located in Qum. May All\u0101h\u2019s peace and blessing be upon her.
\nIn 202\/817, Fadl b. Sahl (Ma\u2019m\u016bn\u2019s trainer, vizier, and commander of army and his energetic servant) was murdered in a bath-house in Sarakhs. In the same year, M\u0101lik b. Anas, the chief of M\u0101lik\u012b school, died and was buried in Baq\u012b\u2018 cemetery in the mausoleum of the Holy Prophet (S.A.W.)\u2019s wives.
\nReference:<\/strong>
\nStory of the Sun
\nA Look at Imam al-Reza\\’s Life
\nAuthor: Sayyid Muhammad Najafi Yazdi
\nTranslated by: Ahmad Rezwani
\nPublished by: Islamic Research Foundation, Astan Quds Razavi, Mashhad – I.R. Iran<\/h4>\n

shiastudies.com<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

In 186\/799, Imam M\u016bs\u0101 b. Ja‘far (A.S.) was martyred.
\nIn 184\/800, Ahmad son of H\u0101r\u016bn al-Rash\u012bd known as Al-Sabt\u012b, who practiced asceticism in the world and was engaged in worship, passed away.
\nIn 187\/803, Fudayl b. ‘Ay\u0101d, the ascetic mystic Sufi, died in Mecca. He was famous for his piety and worship. In his early years, Fudayl was an infamous highway robber; he would prowl in the night for victims on the road from Abiward to Sarakhs.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7453,7759],"tags":[11470,7556],"class_list":["post-4123","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bank-of-subjects-of-articles","category-history","tag-imam-al-rezaa-s","tag-shiastudies"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/shiastudies.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4123","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/shiastudies.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/shiastudies.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/shiastudies.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/shiastudies.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4123"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/shiastudies.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4123\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/shiastudies.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4123"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/shiastudies.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4123"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/shiastudies.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4123"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}