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Hodgson, &#8220;How Did the Early Shia Become Sectarian,&#8221; in JAOS, 75  (1955), 1-13; H. Modarressi, Crisis and Consolidation in the Formative  Period of Shi&#8217;ite Islam, Princeton, 1993, 1-53 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647: \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0651\u0633\u0649 \u0637\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0628\u0627\u06cc\u0649\u060c \u062d\u0633\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u0645\u06a9\u062a\u0628 \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f  \u062a\u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u0632\u062f\u067e\u0646\u0627\u0647. \u0627\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627: \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0649 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u06f1\u06f3\u06f7\u06f4 \u06f3. \u062f\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0627\u062d\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u062b \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u06cc\u0633\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0627: H. Motzki, Die Anfange der islamischen Jurisprudenz. Ihre Entwicklung in  Mekka bis zur Mitte des 2.\/8. Jahrhunderts, Stuttgart, 1991, 217-61. \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0649 \u0645\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0649 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0646\u06af\u0631\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0647: \u062c\u0631\u0651\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0647\u0631\u060c  &laquo;\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0649 \u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0649&raquo; \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u063a\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0649 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0634\u0631\u06cc\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0634\u06f6\u06f0\u060c  \u0622\u0630\u0631-\u0627\u0633\u0641\u0646\u062f\u06f1\u06f3\u06f8\u06f2 _. Cf. A. Falaturi, &#8220;Die Zwolfer-Schia aus der Sicht eines Schiiten:  Probleme ihrer Untersuchung,&#8221; in Festschrift Werner Caskel, ed. E. Graf,  Leiden, 1968, 64-65; E. Kohlberg, &#8220;Al-usul al-arab &#8216;umia,&#8221; in JSAI,  10(1987), 128-66. \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u062e\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647; \u0628\u0646\u06af\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0647: \u06a9\u0644\u0628\u0631\u06af\u060c \u0627\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c &laquo;\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0639  \u0645\u0626\u0647&raquo;\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u06a9\u0627\u0638\u0645 \u0631\u062d\u0645\u062a\u0649 \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0635\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u062d\u062f\u06cc\u062b\u060c \u0634\u06f1\u06f7\u060c \u0635\u06f6\u06f9-\u06f1\u06f2\u06f3. \u06f4. \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062c\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0642\u0649 (\u0645 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u06f2\u06f8\u06f0\/\u06f8\u06f9\u06f4) \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u062b\u0631\u0649 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0649 \u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0648 \u0628\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0635\u0641\u0627\u0631 (\u0645\u06f2\u06f9\u06f0\/\u06f9\u06f0\u06f2) \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0645. \u06f5. \u0627\u06af\u0631\u0686\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0648\u0644 \u06a9\u0627\u0641\u0649 \u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0622\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0627  \u062f\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0649 \u0646\u062e\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0645\u0649 \u062f\u0647\u062f\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0647 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u062d\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u062b  \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0648 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u06a9\u0627\u0641\u0649 \u062c\u06f8. _. Cf. K.H. Pampus, Die theologische Enzyklopadie Bihar al-anwar des  Muhammad Baqir al-majlisi. University of Bonn, Ph.D. thesis, 1970. 6. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062a \u06f1\u06f5-\u06f2\u06f1 (\u062f\u0631\u0628\u0631\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0628\u0639\u062b \u0648 \u0645\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0649): \u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062a \u06f1\u06f1-\u06f1\u06f4 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u062e\u0634 \u0645\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u06f7. \u062f\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u06af\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0647: M. Jarrar, &#8220;Tafsir Abi l-Jarud an al-Imam al-Baqir,&#8221; in Festschrift Sami N. Makarem (forthcoming), note 48. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0646\u06af\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0647: \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0647\u0631\u060c &laquo;\u062a\u0641\u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062f&raquo; \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u06a9\u0627\u0638\u0645 \u0631\u062d\u0645\u062a\u0649\u060c \u0622\u06cc\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u067e\u0698\u0648\u0647\u0634\u060c \u0634 \u06f9\u06f5\u060c\u0635 \u06f1\u06f5-\u06f4\u06f2 \u06f8. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u060c \u06f2\u06f6\u06f4; \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0628\u0648\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0649\u060c \u06a9\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u06f9\u06f1. _. Cf. H.J. Kornrumpf, &#8220;Untersuchungen zum Bild Alis und des fruhen  Islams bei den Schiiten&#8221; in Der Islam, 45 (1969), 276-85; M.A.  Amir-Moezzi, The Divine Guide in Early Shi&#8217;ism. The Source of  Esotericism in Islam, trans. D. Streight, Albany, 1994, 24 ff., 69 ff.,  H. Corbin, En Islam iranien: Aspects spirituels et philosophiques, I, Le  Shi&#8217;isme duodecimain, Paris, 1971, 212 ff. \u0645\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u062e\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647: \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0647\u0646\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0649  \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646: \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0631\u0648\u062d\u06cc\u0647 \u0648 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u06cc\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u06cc\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0646\u0642\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0649  \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u06cc\u0647 \u0648 \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0647 \u0648 \u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0651\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0649\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0628\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u062a \u06f2\u06f0\u06f0\u06f0. \u06f9. \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062c\u06f5\u060c \u06f2\u06f1\u06f4\u060c \u06f2\u06f1\u06f5; \u0627\u0628\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0639\u0647\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e\u060c \u062c\u06f1\u060c \u06f4\u06f1\u06f3\u060c \u06f5\u06f3\u06f6; \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0633\u0627\u06a9\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e\u060c \u062c\u06f4\u06f1\u060c \u06f3\u06f6\u06f6\u060c \u06f2-\u06f3\u06f7\u06f1\u060c \u06f6-\u06f3\u06f7\u06f4. \u06f1\u06f0. \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0633\u0627\u06a9\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e\u060c \u062c\u06f4\u06f1\u060c \u06f3\u06f7\u06f6; \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631\u0649\u060c \u06f1\u06f0\u06f1. \u06f1\u06f1. \u0642\u0633. \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627: \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0628\u0648\u06cc\u0647 \u0642\u0645\u0649\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0644\u060c \u06f6\u06f4\u060c \u06f1\u06f1\u06f1\u060c \u06f1\u06f1\u06f9\u060c \u06f2\u06f4\u06f0\u060c \u06f5\u06f3\u06f4; \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0633\u0627\u06a9\u0631\u060c  \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e\u060c \u062c\u06f4\u06f1\u060c \u06f3\u06f6\u06f0\u060c \u06f3\u06f7\u06f6\u060c \u06f3\u06f8\u06f7\u060c \u06f3\u06f9\u06f8\u060c \u06f5-\u06f4\u06f0\u06f3 (\u0634\u0639\u0631); \u0642\u0645\u0649\u060c \u0627\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645\u060c \u06a9\u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0647  \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0631\u060c \u06f2\u06f4\u06f1: \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0631- \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631\u0649 &#8211; \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u06cc\u0646(\u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645)\u060c \u062e\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u062c\u06cc\u0628\u0649 \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627  \u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0622\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0642\u0631(\u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645) \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u067e\u0646\u062c\u0645  \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0649 \u06cc\u0627\u0628\u062f (\u061f); \u0642\u0633 \u0646\u06cc\u0632: \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0628\u06cc\u0644\u0649\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0647\u060c \u062c\u06f2\u060c \u06f2\u06f0\u06f1; \u062e\u0648\u0626\u0649\u060c \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645  \u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u06cc\u062b\u060c \u062c\u06f2\u06f3\u060c \u06f3\u06f4\u06f5 &#8211; \u06f3\u06f5\u06f6. \u06f1\u06f2. \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0647\u0634\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0633\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u060c \u062c\u06f1\u060c \u06f2\u06f2\u06f0; \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062c\u06f1\u060c \u06f1\u06f2\u06f4\u060c \u06f3\u06f6\u06f8\u060c \u062c\u06f2\u060c \u06f2\u06f8\u06f4\u060c \u06f2\u06f9\u06f7;  \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0630\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0628\u060c \u062c\u06f1\u060c \u06f5\u06f7\u06f2\u060c \u06f5\u06f7\u06f8; \u0637\u0628\u0631\u0649\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e\u060c \u062c\u06f3\u060c \u06f2\u06f1\u06f2; \u062d\u062f\u06cc\u062b \u0645\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e  \u0627\u0628\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0639\u0647 \u062c\u06f1\u060c \u06f4\u06f1\u06f7 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u062d\u062f\u06cc\u062b\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f. \u06f1\u06f3. \u0642\u0633. \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0634\u0631\u062d\u060c \u062c\u06f4\u060c \u06f4-\u06f6\u06f3\u060c \u06f1\u06f0\u06f2; M. Jarrar. Die Prophetenbiographie im islamischen Spanien,  Frankfurt\/Bern, 1989, 23-28; cf. now, idem, &#8220;Sira, Mashahid and Maghazi:  The Genesis Development of the Biography of Muhammad,&#8221; in Studies in  Late Antiquity and Early Islam, III, ed. L.I. Conrad and A. Cameron,  Princeton, (in press), 21-27. \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u062c\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0632\u0627\u0642 \u0635\u0646\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0649(\u0645 \u06f2\u06f1\u06f1\/\u06f8\u06f2\u06f6) \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u062e\u0634 \u0645\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0649 \u0627\u0632  \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0641 (\u062c \u06f5) \u0639\u0645\u062f\u062a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0632\u064f\u0647\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u06a9\u06cc\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0647\u0631 \u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0649 \u0632\u064f\u0647\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0631  \u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0639\u0644\u0649(\u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645) \u062a\u0623\u06a9\u06cc\u062f\u0649 \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 \u06af\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0647\u0627\u0649 \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0649 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0649 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u060c  \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0627 \u0628\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0639\u0644\u0649(\u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645) \u062a\u0623\u06a9\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u062f; \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646  \u0633\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0632\u0627\u0642 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u06af\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0647\u0627\u0649 \u0634\u06cc\u0639\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f. (\u0642\u0633. \u06f6\u06f3 ff.; Die  Anfange der islamischen Jurisprudenz, Motzki,\u0648 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0648 \u0631\u0627  \u0634\u06cc\u0639\u0649 \u0645\u0649 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f\u060c \u062d\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0627\u0632\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0649\u060c \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062c\u06f4\u060c\u06f2-\u06f1\u06f2\u06f1); \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0628\u0646  \u0639\u0633\u0627\u06a9\u0631 (\u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e\u060c \u062c\u06f1\u06f2\u060c \u06f8-\u06f2\u06f6\u06f7) \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642 \u0632\u064f\u0647\u0631\u0649 &#8211; \u0639\u0628\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646  \u0639\u062a\u0628\u0647 &#8211; \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0649 \u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0628\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649(\u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645)  \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0648 \u0647\u0634\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0649 \u062f\u0647\u062f. \u06f1\u06f4. \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0628\u06cc\u0644\u0649\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0647\u060c \u062c\u06f2\u060c \u06f7-\u06f6\u06f5; \u0622\u063a\u0627 \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af \u062a\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0649\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u06cc\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u06cc\u0639\u0647\u060c \u062c\u06f2\u06f1\u060c \u06f2\u06f9\u06f0. \u06f1\u06f5. \u06a9\u0634\u0651\u0649\u060c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644\u060c \u06f3\u06f9\u06f0 (\u0634 \u06f7\u06f3\u06f3); \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0628\u06cc\u0644\u0649\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0647\u060c \u062c\u06f2\u060c \u06f6\u06f6. \u06f1\u06f6. \u062e\u0637\u06cc\u0628 \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0649\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c \u062c\u06f1\u060c \u06f2\u06f2\u06f4; \u06cc\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062c\u06f6\u060c \u06f2\u06f4\u06f1\u06f9. \u06f1\u06f7. \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0647\u0634\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0648\u06cc\u0647\u060c \u062c\u06f1\u060c \u06f3\u06f4\u06f0. \u06f1\u06f8. \u0637\u0648\u0633\u0649\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a\u060c \u06f1\u06f6; \u0646\u062c\u0627\u0634\u0649\u060c \u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062c\u06f1\u060c \u06f5\u06f8; \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0628\u06cc\u0644\u0649\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0647\u060c \u062c\u06f1\u060c \u06f4-\u06f3\u06f3; M. Jarrar, &#8220;Some Lights on an Early Zaydite Manuscript,&#8221; in Asiatische  Studien, 47\/2 (1993), 285-86; idem, &#8220;Arba rasa&#8217;il Zaydiyya mubakkira,&#8221;  in Fi Mihrab al-marifa: Festschrift for Ihsan Abbas, ed. I. al-Sa&#8217;afin,  Beirut, 1997, 270-71. \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u062e\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0646\u06af\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0647: \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0647\u0631\u060c &laquo;\u0686\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0646 \u06a9\u0647\u0646  \u0627\u0632 \u0632\u06cc\u062f\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u062e\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0646&raquo;\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u0633\u06cc\u062f\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0649 \u0646\u0698\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0641\u0635\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0647\u0641\u062a \u0622\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0634 \u06f3\u06f1\u060c  \u0635\u06f9\u06f5. \u06f1\u06f9. \u0642\u0633. \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627: \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u060c \u062c\u06f1\u060c \u06f6\u06f8-\u06f7\u06f0. \u06f2\u06f0. \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0631\u062d \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u0648 \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0634 \u0631\u0627  \u0628\u0646\u06af\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0636\u0645\u06cc\u0645\u0647 \u06f2 \u062f\u0631 \u0630\u06cc\u0644. \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0649 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647  &laquo;\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0648 \u0633\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u0649&raquo; \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u0639\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e\u0649\u060c  \u062f\u0641\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0648\u0644 (\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0649\u060c \u0642\u0645 \u06f1\u06f3\u06f7\u06f6) \u0635\u06f3\u06f0\u06f7-\u06f3\u06f2\u06f8 \u0648 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0639\u062b \u0648  \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0649 (\u0645\u06a9\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0649\u060c \u0642\u0645 \u06f1\u06f4\u06f1\u06f7\/\u06f1\u06f3\u06f7\u06f5) \u0635\u06f7-\u06f2\u06f7\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f. _. Cf. F. Donner, The Early Islamic Conquests, Princeton, 1981, 78, 175, 196 f., 221-23 (and see index, 473). 21. \u06a9\u0634\u0649\u060c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644\u060c \u06f3\u06f5\u06f2 (\u0634. \u06f6\u06f6\u06f0); \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0648\u0648\u062f \u062d\u0644\u0651\u0649\u060c \u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644\u060c \u06f2\u06f6  (\u06a9\u0648\u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u06a9\u0646 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0644); \u062d\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0627\u0632\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0649\u060c \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u06f1\u060c \u06f1\u06f8\u06f9-\u06f1\u06f9\u06f3;  \u0639\u064f\u0642\u06cc\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u0641\u0627\u0621\u060c \u062c\u06f1\u060c \u06f3\u06f7 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a &laquo;\u0627\u0644\u06a9\u0648\u0641\u0649&raquo; \u0645\u0649 \u062f\u0647\u062f; \u0642\u0633. \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062d\u062c\u0631\u060c  \u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062c\u06f1\u060c \u06f2\u06f4; \u062c\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633 \u062f\u0631 Berlin\/New York, 1993, II, 425Theologie und  Gesellschaft,\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u0631\u0647 \u0634\u06cc\u0639\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u0649 \u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0622\u0634\u06a9\u0627\u0631  \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0648 \u06a9\u0648\u0641\u0649 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646\u062f (\u0642\u0633 \u0636\u0645\u06cc\u0645\u0647 \u06f2). _. Donner, The Early Islamic Conquests, 215 (except for Shibl b. Ma&#8217;bad and his son). 22. \u0646\u062c\u0627\u0634\u0649\u060c \u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062c\u06f1\u060c \u06f8\u06f0\u060c \u0637\u0648\u0633\u0649\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a\u060c \u06f1\u06f8. \u06f2\u06f3. \u0642\u0633 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u067e\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0686\u0649 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u06a9\u0628\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0648\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0649\u060c \u062a\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06f1\u06f9\u06f9\u06f5\u060c \u062c\u06f2\u060c \u06f4\u06f4. \u06f2\u06f4. \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u06f1\u06f5\u06f0\/\u06f7\u06f6\u06f7 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0646\u06cc\u0627 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647  \u0627\u0646\u062f (\u0642\u0633. \u0636\u0645\u06cc\u0645\u0647 \u06f2)\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0649 \u06a9\u0647 \u0634\u0627\u06af\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0641\u062a\u0645 \u0648 \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0634\u062a\u0645  \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646\u062f. \u06f2\u06f5. \u06a9\u0634\u0651\u0649\u060c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644\u060c \u06f3\u06f5\u06f2 (\u0634 \u06f6\u06f6\u06f0); \u0648 \u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0648\u0648\u062f \u062d\u0644\u0649\u060c  \u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u06f2\u06f2\u06f6 (\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u0648\u062d\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u0647\u0631 \u0686\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0648 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0642\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u062f\u0647\u060c  \u0635\u06f3\u06f0); \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0628\u06cc\u0644\u0649\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0647\u060c \u062c\u06f1\u060c \u06f1\u06f2. \u06f2\u06f6. \u0646\u0648\u0628\u062e\u062a\u0649\u060c \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u06cc\u0639\u0647\u060c \u06f6\u06f7; \u0646\u0627\u0634\u0649\u0621(\u0645\u062c\u0639\u0648\u0644)\u060c \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0647\u060c \u06f4\u06f6; \u0627\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u06f2\u06f5; \u0634\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0649\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0644 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0644\u060c \u06f7\u06f1; van Ess, Theologie und Gesellschaft, II, 424; Modarressi, Crisis and Consolidation, 55-57. 27. \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0649. \u0642\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062c\u06f1\u060c \u06f1\u06f1\u06f4\u060c \u06f1\u06f1\u06f6; \u062d\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0627\u0632\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0649\u060c \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u060c  \u062c\u06f1\u060c \u06f1\u06f3\u06f8-\u06f1\u06f4\u06f0; \u067e\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0686\u0649 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u06a9\u0628\u0631\u0649\u060c \u062c\u06f2\u060c \u06f4\u06f5; Crisis  and Consolidation, Modarressi,55 note 28. \u06a9\u0634\u0651\u0649\u060c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644\u060c \u06f3\u06f7\u06f5 (\u0634 \u06f7\u06f0\u06f5\u06f0). _. Cf. Modarressi, Crisis and Consolidation, 43, 47. 29. &laquo;\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0649&raquo; \u0627\u0648 \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0646\u062f\u0649 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0649  \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0637\u0649 \u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0645 \u0648 \u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0647\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u062c \u0628\u0648\u062f. \u0647\u0631 \u0686\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646  \u06af\u0641\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0646\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0641\u0648\u0636\u0647 \u06af\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a ( \u06f2\u06f1 ff. 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Cf. R. Sellheim, &#8220;Prophet, Caliph und Geschichte. Die  Muhammad-Biographie des Ibn Ishaq,&#8221; in Oriens, 18-19 (1967), 38-42;  Jarrar, Die Prophetenbiographie, 31 f. 41. \u0628\u0646\u06af\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u062f\u0631: .Der Islam, 62 (1985), 201-30, 66 (1989), 38-67, 69 (1992), 1-43 42. \u0642\u0633. \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0628\u0627 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0635\u0641\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0631\u060c \u062c\u06f3\u06f2: \u06f2-\u06f6\u06f0\u06f1. \u06f4\u06f3. \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0634 \u062e\u0648\u062f  \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0633\u06cc\u0631\u0647 &#8211; \u0645\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0645 \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u0649 \u0627\u062d\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u062b \u0631\u0627  \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0646\u0645\u0649 \u0622\u0645\u062f\u0646\u062f\u060c \u06a9\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u06af\u0630\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0645. \u06f4\u06f4. \u0642\u0633. \u0627\u062f\u0651\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u062a\u0633\u06a9\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0635\u062d\u0651\u062a \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0641 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0632\u0627\u0642 \u062f\u0631: Die Anfange der islamischen Jurisprudenz, 71-89. 45. \u0642\u0633. \u0636\u0645\u06cc\u0645\u0647 \u06f4.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; \u0646\u062e\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0634\u06cc\u0639\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0632\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0649 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0631 (\u0635\u0644\u0651\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0648 \u0622\u0644\u0647 \u0648 \u0633\u0644\u0651\u0645) \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647: \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0628\u062d\u062b \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0646\u062c \u0628\u062e\u0634 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u062e\u0634 \u0646\u062e\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u062b \u062f\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0633\u0631\u0634\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0622\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0649 \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0633\u0647 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0649 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0649 \u0628\u0631\u062f: \u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u0649 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0649\u060c \u0627\u0628\u0646 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":54,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8694],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4620","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-8694"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/shiastudies.com\/fa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4620","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/shiastudies.com\/fa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/shiastudies.com\/fa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/shiastudies.com\/fa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/54"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/shiastudies.com\/fa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4620"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/shiastudies.com\/fa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4620\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":84552,"href":"https:\/\/shiastudies.com\/fa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4620\/revisions\/84552"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/shiastudies.com\/fa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4620"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/shiastudies.com\/fa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4620"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/shiastudies.com\/fa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4620"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}